Beef Quality Assurance

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What are the health professionals' goals during production medicine?

1. food animal producer success

2. animal well being

3. public health

How does a food animal producer have success?

efficient livestock production, marketable, and quality assured animals

How can a professional ensure animal well-being?

good production practices, quality handling facilities, clean environment, and adequate nutrition

How can a professional ensure public health?

food chain quality assurance, drug residue avoidance, microbial contamination avoidance, and healthy livestock

What is used to assure quality?

hazard analysis/critical control points - risk assessment

What are the seven principles of HACCP?

1. Conduct a hazard analysis

2. Determine critical control points (CCPs)

3. Establish critical limits

4. Establish monitoring procedures

5. Establish corrective actions

6. Establish verification procedures

7. Establish record keeping and documentation procedures

What are the potential hazards being analyzed?

1. biological (bacteria, virus, parasite)

2. chemical (pesticide, reside, additives)

3. physical (bruises, abscesses, injection lesions)

What are the goals and critical intervention points of mortality in calves (birth-10 days)?

goals

What are the goals and critical intervention points of mortality in calves (11-30 days)?

goals

What are the goals and critical intervention points of mortality in calves (31 days to weaning)?

goals

What are the goals and critical intervention points of mortality in calves (post-weaning)?

goals

What are the goals and critical intervention points of mortality in cows/bulls?

goals

What are the goals and critical intervention points of pregnancy rates in cows (60d breeding)?

goal 90-95%; critical <85%

What are the goals and critical intervention points of pregnancy rates in heifers (45d breeding)?

goals 80-85%; critical

What are the goals and critical intervention points of calving rates?

goals 80-85%; critical

What are the goals and critical intervention points of weaned calf crop?

goals >75%; critical

What are the goals and critical intervention points of replacement rates?

goals 15%; critical >20%

summary part 2 ^^

What are the potential causes for replacements?

death or infertility

What is the goal of record evaluation?

monitor performance against goals and critical control points in health, production, reproduction, and nutrition, assess, and make a recommendation/follow-up

What are the components of monitoring/corrections?

assessing potential problems, client education, assure the availability of equipment, supplies, and drugs, and establish health management protocols

What diseases are considered a biosecurity risk?

BSE prion, FMD, heartwater, Texas cattle fever, brucellosis, and tuberculosis

PREVENT PREVENT PREVENT

What are the public concerns associated with beef quality assurance?

drug residues, microbial contamination, wholesome product, and lean meat/fat content

What quality control factors contributing to economic losses can be changed with management practices?

hide defects, injection sites, pathology, dark cutters, bruises, non-castrated, grubs/abscesses/calluses, and tongue infections

What are the liabilities associated with improper pharmaceutical use?

poor performance of cattle, regulatory action, condemnation of cattle and products, loss of consumer confidence, and loss of market

TF: combine vaccines

False, unless specifically instructed by manufacturer

to reconstitute vaccines, use ? needles

transfer

How much vaccine products should be reconstituted at once?

enough for an hour or less

What size automatic syringe should be used for an injection dose of 2mL?

25mL

What size automatic syringe should be used for an injection dose of 5mL?

50mL

Why should syringes not be interchanged?

one product may inactivate the other

What is the benefit of proper restraint?

avoid bruising the cattle, avoid injury of personnel, and facilitate proper vaccination technique

What is the preferred method of injection?

SQ

Where should an injection be given in beef cattle?

the most effective and least apt to damage of the muscle (meat) - usually neck muscles or behind the shoulder

What size needles should be used for injections?

SQ - 16/18g with 1/2-3/4"
IM - 16/18g with 1-1.5"

What is the proper technique for injections?

keep multiple injections several inches apart and give no more than 10-15mL per injection site

How often should the injection needles be changed?

after 5 uses (10 max) or a full syringe of vaccines