chapter 11(powers of congress)

Anti-Federalists

• led by Thomas Jefferson

• Argued that Congress should only have powers that were absolutely necessary

• Wanted states to keep as much power as possible

Federalists

• Led by Alexander Hamilton

• Had fought to ratify the constitution

• Want broad powers given to the federal government

Expressed powers

Specifically spelled out in the constitution

Implied powers

Not specifically stated in the constitution but implied(suggested)

Tax

Charge levied by the government on people or property to meet public needs

Direct Tax

Tax that must be paid by the person in whom it is imposed

Indirect tax

Tax paid by one person but then passed on to another

Tariff

Taxes on foreign imports

• protect U.S businesses from foreign competition

• Increase the cost of foreign goods

Deficit financing

Government spends more money than it brings in

• funds war/social programs

• Borrows to make up the difference

National Debt

All the money borrowed by the government that has yet to be repaid, plus the interest on that money

Legal tender

Any kind of money that creditors must by law accept payment for debts

Naturalization

Process by which citizens of one country become citizens of another

Copyright

Exclusive right of an author to reproduce, publish & sell his/her creative work

• good for the life of the author, plus 70 years

Patent

Grants a person the sole right to manufacture, use or sell their invention

• Good for 20 years

Eminent Domain

Can take private property for public use

Doctrine

A principle or fundamental policy

• Congress uses it most often for Tax & Commerce

Successor

Replacement

Impeach

Accuse & bring charges

Censure

A formal condemnation of the behavior

What four factors have caused Congress to grow in power over the years

1. wars

2. Economic depression

3. Growing population—> demanding more services from the government

4. Supreme Court decision—> award more power to legislative & executive

The 11 expressed powers

1. The power to tax

2. The power to borrow

3. Currency power

4. Foreign relations power

5. War powers

6. Naturalization

7. Postal power

8. Copyrights & patents

9. Weights & measures

10. Power over territories & other are as

11. Judical powers

The power to tax

Articles of confederation— Congress did not have this power

Currency power

Constitution gives Congress power to coin money & regulate the value of it

Foreign relations power

Congress deals with foreign countries

War powers

8 expressed powers given to Congress—> deal with war & national defense

Postal power

Congress can establish post offices & postal routes

• Congress established postal crimes

Weights & measures

Congress has power to fix the standard of weights & measures throughout the U.S

Power over territories & other are as

Constitution gives Congress power to acquire, manage &dispose of federal areas

Judical powers

Constitution gives power to create all the federal courts under the Supreme Court

How much money is the federal government allowed to borrow?

Unlimited amount of money

What even caused the U.S to go into debt in 2001?

1. 9/11 —> stock market crashed

2. Bush tax cut

3. War on terror

Where does the federal government keep its supply of gold?

Fort Knox

• 5,000 tons of gold worth 428 billion

How many times has Congress declared war?

11 times

What does the War Power Resolution of 1973 state?

Congress can restrict use of U.S troops when a state of war does not exist

How many naturalized citizens are in the U.S today?

20 million people

Who came up with the idea for the postal system?

Benjamin Franklin

What are the six ways that Congress may acquire territory?

1. Purchase

2. Gift

3. Eminent Domain

4. Power to admit new states

5. War powers

6. President treaty making power

What does the “Elastic clause” allow Congress to do?

The necessary & proper clause

What did the Supreme Court decide in the case McCullough vs. Maryland?

No state may tax the U.S or any of its functions

Ruled animously in favor of McCullough

Case paves the way for Congress to use implied powers

Which three presidents have been impeached?

Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, Donald Trump

Which president has resigned?

Richard Nixon

Balanced Budget Act of 1997

Eliminate National Debt by 2002

Economy experiences unexpected boom

Debt paid off by 1998

Thanks to the internet/cell phones

Why was Andrew Johnson impeached?

violating the tenure of office act

Senate votes— 1 vote shy of conviction

What is Americas current National debt?

39 trillion dollars

Why did Bill Clinton get impeached?

1. Perjury- lying under oath

2. Obstruction of Justice

Why did Trump get impeached?

Trump withheld military aid to Ukraine

Wanted President Zelensky to investigate Joe Biden & his son