ancient greek history final exam

which author is considered the “Shakespeare of Greek literature,” is credited with writing the Iliad and the Odyssey, and became a source for Greek ideals

homer

which author critiqued the aristocracy, defined excellence and values in terms that could include non-aristocrates, and was profoundly misogynistic

hesiod

Sparta created _________ in order to satisfy its position as the most powerful polis in greece

Peloponnesian league

the athenian senate in the early Archaic period was called the _______ after the place at which it met

Areopagus

after drafting a code of laws for Athens, ________ was revered as a founding father of Athens and one of the seven sages of Greece

Solon

ruling as a tyrant for 19 years _________ transformed Athens from a minor polis into a prominent political, economic, and cultural center

Peisistratus

a populist who led the people in removing Spartan influence over Athens __________ solidified Athens democratic foundations

Cleisthenes

the ________ began with Darius’s desire to punish Athens for their supposed rebellion against him

Persian War

in the _________ about 7,000 Persians were killed at the cost of 192 Athenians

Battle of Marathon

the Athenian general ________ convinced Athenians to build a state of the art fleet to defend Athens

Themistocles

a small Spartan force (with help from some Thespians & Thebans) held off a far superior Persian force at a mountain pass in the battle of _________

Thermopylae

the Greek fleet defeated the Persian fleet in a narrow strait in the battle of ________

Salamis

Athens created the __________ in order to solidify its position as the most powerful polis in Greece and to expand its power throughout the Aegean

Delian league

_________ led Athens for about 30 years revolutionized Athenian politics and became the most famous man in classical Greece

Pericles

the Spartan general who finished off Athens and then granted them leniency was _________

Lysander

the ambitious, reckless, & charismatic Athenian who alternately led Athens and advised its enemies was ______

Alcibiades

________ was declared the wisest man in the world by the Oracle of Delphi and several philosophical schools look to him as their founder

Socrates

_______ emphasized the importance of the Golden Mean, tutored Alexander the Great, and is considered the “father” of several fields of study

Aristotle

the teaching of ______ centered on his concept of the IDEAS; he wanted philosopher-kinds to rule; and he was very influential on early Christian thought

Plato

the _______ did not believe in a divine plan/purpose to the cosmos and sought moderate pleasure in the form of contentment or repose

Epicureans

the ______ believed that a divinely rational principle determines the cosmos, that virtue is the chief good, and that one must seek to resign oneself to a lack of control over events

Stoics

which historian identified the driving force of history with the darker side of human nature

Thucydides

which historian wrote works of smaller scope and biographies

Xenophon

which historian was the most famous of ancient Greece and told stories in dramatic fashion with traditionalist notions of fate and the gods

Herodotus

true or false

much is known about the famed physician Hippocrates

false

________ discovered the numerical ratios that determine intervals in the musical scale, developed a famous theorem about triangles, and influenced Plato

Pythagoras

_________ created a professional army for Macedonia, transformed the phalanx, and took control of the Amphictyonic Council

Philip 2nd

true or false

the Mycenaean civilization was replaced by the Minoan civilization?

false

true or false

Hellenic civilization expanded rapidly and widely during the Archaic Period, largely because no other empire was around to prevent its colonization

true

true or false

in ancient Greece, the term tyrant carried the same inherently negative connotations as it does today

false

true or false

colonization during the Archaic period was completely voluntary; most men chose to be part of a colonizing effort in order to begin a new life

false

true or false

the olympic games were begun as a venue for displaying traditional aristocratic excellence throughout the Greek world

true

true or false

changes in warfare, such as need for large numbers of hoplites and rowers, undermined aristocratic culture and contributed to demands for broader democratic participation

true

true or false

eventually, Athens used its league to further its own interests and the league developed into an Athenian empire

true

true or false

although Golden Age Athens is known as a democracy, ordinary citizens had virtually no power or responsibility

false

true or false

motions to be considered in the Athenian assembly were posted 5 days in advance in order to allow for forethought and discussion

true

true or false

as in the united states, Athenian juries consisted of 12 citizens

false

true or false

in the first Peloponnesian war, Athens defeated Sparta’s allies and the Athenian empire reached its height

true

true or false

between the First and Second Peloponnesian wars, Athens and Sparta signed a 30-year truce dividing Hellas into two spheres of influence: Sparta on land and Athens at sea

true

true or false

in the Second Peloponnesian war, Athens immediately went on the offensive and fought to protect all of Attica from the Spartans

false

true or false

it is the Second Peloponnesian War which is usually referred to simply as the Peloponnesian war

true

how did the Greeks publish public laws and decrees?

by inscribing them on stones

What are important sources of knowledge of ancient Greece

texts, stones, archeology, Roman remains

the Minoan civilization was located on the island of ______

Crete

the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations dominated which age?

Bronze age

Knossos was the largest regional palace center of the ________ civilization

Minoan

one of the great ancient mysteries is why the _____ lands were left unoccupied for some times

Mycenaean

many scholars believe that the Trojan war way have been one of the last great events of the ______ world

Mycenaean

Greeks developed written communication based on the ________ alphabet

Phoenician

the tyrant who built a canal across the Isthmus of Corinth was

Periander

Presocratic or “natural” philosophy was bolstered by _______ Rationalism, so-called because its philosophers lived on the west coast of Asia Minor

Ionian

Who was a pro-Spartan aristocrat who envisioned Sparta and Athens leading Hellas jointly

Cimon

for historians, the event marking the transformation of their league into the Athenian empire was ___________

transfer of league funds from Delos to Athens

_________ was reckless, ambitious, and charismatic Athenian leader who urged an ill-fated expedition, turned traitor, fled to Persia, and eventually returned to power in Athens

Alcibiades

the turning point of the Peloponnesian war was the expedition to invade ______

Sicily

________ a powerful Spartan commander, surprised and captured the Athenian fleet in the latter part of the Peloponnesian war

Lysander