Places and Landscape - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering key terms related to places and landscapes from the lecture notes.

Eratosthenes

The Greek scholar often credited as the Father of Geography.

Geography

The science that studies the Earth's surfaces, features, inhabitants, and their interactions.

Geographia

Origin of the word geography; literally means earth description.

Natural resource

A material or substance in nature used for economic production or consumption.

Human Geography

The branch focusing on human activities, cultures, economies, and landscapes.

Physical Geography

The branch focusing on natural features such as mountains, rivers, climates, and soils.

Chocolate Hills

A famous hill landscape in Bohol, Philippines.

Manila

Capital city of the Philippines.

Sahara Desert

The largest hot desert in Africa.

Sagrada Familia

Iconic basilica and cultural landmark in Barcelona, Spain.

Terrace farming

Farming on stepped terraces on mountain slopes to reduce erosion.

Farming without synthetic chemicals, relying on natural processes.

Organic Farming

Green Revolution

Mid-20th-century push to boost crop yields via high-yield varieties and irrigation.

Secondary industry

Industry that processes raw materials into finished goods.

Industrial Revolution 1.0

Era powered by steam engines that transformed production.

Industry 4.0

Current era featuring computers, automation, AI, and the Internet of Things.

Non-material culture

Aspects of culture that are intangible, such as beliefs, language, and norms.

Cultural landscape

A landscape shaped by the interaction between people and their environment.

Iconic U.S. monument with carved presidential faces in the Black Hills.

Mount Rushmore

Statue of Liberty

Symbolic statue at New York Harbor representing freedom.

Globalization

Process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries.

Irrigation

Artificially supplying water to crops to aid growth.

Aquaculture

Farming of aquatic organisms like fish and shellfish.

Great Pyramid

Ancient Egyptian pyramid at Giza, about 4,500 years old.

Colosseum

Large Roman amphitheater built during the Flavian emperors.

Subsistence farming

Farming aimed at meeting local needs rather than for sale.

Mindanao

Second-largest island in the Philippines.

Industry 3.0

Modern industrial stage characterized by computerization and automation.

Brazil

Country renowned for being a major coffee exporter.

Type I climate

Philippines climate type with two distinct seasons: dry and wet.

Type II climate

Philippines climate type with year-round rainfall and no distinct dry season.

Type III climate

Philippines climate type with a shorter dry season and longer wet season.

Type IV climate

Philippines climate type with rainfall fairly evenly distributed year-round.

Type V climate

Philippines climate type with a short or irregular dry season.

Composting

Organic farming practice using decomposed organic matter to enrich soil.

Crop rotation

Growing different crops in sequence to maintain soil fertility.

Biological pest control

Using natural predators or organisms to control pests.

Vernacular landscapes

UNESCO classification for landscapes shaped by local people using traditional methods.

Organically evolved landscapes

UNESCO classification for landscapes that evolved through long-term human–nature interaction.

Relict landscapes

UNESCO classification for landscapes that remain as remnants of historic land use.