ANSC 44502 Milk Industry/Managment

The United States produces approximately what percentage of cow’s milk?

Produces 11% of the word’s cow’s milk.

What is the top country milk producer?

India (cow & buffalo) 25%

Do dairy cattle also produce beef in the U.S.?

Yes, 18-22% from cull dairy & Holstein calves are used.

• Without dairy beef, the supply of USDA Prime beef could not meet the demand for it.

Why has production of dairy industry has shifted west?

To take advantage of mild dry climates & to accommodate an increasing human population.

What does lower humidity help with the dairy industry?

• Lower humidity= better udder health

What is the top states in the U.S. that are the largest milk-producing?

1. California

2. Wisconsin

3. Idaho

Most of the U.S. diaries fall into one of the major categories?

• Herds of fewer than 200 cows

• Herds of more than 200 cows

It takes 10 pounds of milk to make?

1 pound of cheese

About what percentage of milk produced by U.S. farmers is used for to make what product?

About 10.3% of milk is used to produce ICE CREAM!

About how much percentage of the milk is being used for products?

80% is being used for the high demand of butterfat & Protein

Where in the United States do they consume more milk?

In the South & East States

Why is carbon footprint important in the dairy industry?

More Carbon saving= More energy efficient, Lower Cost!

What is the gestation length of a cow?

280-283 days

What is the lactation length of a dairy cow?

305 days

What is the length of a cows estrus cycle?

21 days

Approximately how many cows are in the state of Arkansas?

• 2,000

What are the top cow breeds used in the U.S. for dairy?

Holstein & Jersey Cattle

The mammary gland (Udder) has two functions?

• Nourish young

• Produce immunoglobulins (IgG & IgA) for protection.

How does passive immunity happen?

Young intakes milk from mother which gains Colostrum.

• First 6-8 hours are very important.

Synthetic Colostrum

Not has efficient as getting it naturally from mother.

• Region based, may not help the young calf.

Is the mammary gland an endocrine or excoriate gland?

Exocrine gland; gland that secretes substances, such as sweat, tears, milk, saliva, and digestive juices, through a duct or opening onto a body surface or into a body cavity.

Udder

• Supportive Structures

• Blood

• Lymph: Filter, Immunity

• Duct System for conveyance & storage

• Secretory Unites

The mammary gland is divided into how many regions?

• Divided into quarters which corresponds to four glands.

  • Each gland is independent to each other.

Are all glands/quarters the same size?

Fore (40%) and Rear (60%)

• Right & left side separated by a median intermammary groove.

• No interaction between quarters.

Teats

Usually one teat per quarter

• No hair, sweat, or sebaceous glands

• 2.5 inches

Supernumeries

Teats that are nonfunctional & functional

• Usually removed at birth

Udder Lateral suspensory ligaments

• Superficial

• Deep

• Arise from subpelvic ligaments & prepubic tendon

  • Does not join under the bottom.

Udder Median Suspensory Ligament

• Main suspension

• Elastic

Udder Edema

Related to

• Prepartum Management

• Nutritional Management

Udder edema can affect?

• Udder Health

• Production

How long to milk a cow?

7-9 mins

Interior of Udder

1. Alveoli

2. Lobules

3. Lobes

Alveoli

• Milk producing units

• Secretory cells, myoepithelial cells & capillaries

Lobules

• 150-200 alveoli, common duct

Lobes

• Groups of lobules

Streak Canal

Body makes a plug when stop lactating, sealing off for 60 days.

Alveolar components & functions

• Epithelial cells

• Lumen

• Myoepithelial cells

• Basement membrane

• Terminal duct

• Capillary system

500L of blood to get how much milk?

1L of milk

Epithelial cells

• Milk synthesis & secretion

Lumen

• Collect milk components & water

Myoepithelial cells

• Milk ejection

Basement membrane

• Selective transfer (between epithelial & capillary cells)

Terminal duct

Milk transport out of alveoli

Capillary system

• Supply milk precursors & deliver hormones

The Vascular system consist of how many veins and arteries?

2 arteries

• External pudic

• Perineal

3 veins

• External pudic

• Perineal

• Subcutaneous abdominal (Milk veins)

Venous Circle

• Is a network of anastomosing veins at the base of the udder that collects blood from the entire mammary gland.

• Crucial for the extensive blood flow required to produce milk, which demands a large volume of blood to pass through the udder. 

rbST (Recombinant bovine somatotropin)

• Growth Hormone

Increased milk production increases?

• milk production