Studied by 0 peopleWhere is a proton located ?
in the nucleus
where are neutrons located?
in the nucleus
where are electrons located?
on the shells of the atom
What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
What is the relative charge of an electron?
-1
what is the relative charge of a neutron?
0
what is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
What is the relative mass of an electron?
0.0005 or 1/1840
what is the relative charge of a proton?
+1
What are isotopes?
atoms of the same elements that have same number of protons but different number of neutrons
What happens if an electrons falls to a lower orbit?
the atom emitted EM radiation
What happens if an electron moves to a higher orbit?
The atom has absorbed EM radiation
How does decay happen?
it is a random process
What element is Alpha radiation know as?
Helium
What are properties of alpha radiation?
highly ionising
weakly penetrative
Beta minus is often known as what?
electron
What are properties of beta minus?
medium ionising
medium penetration
What is beta plus commonly known as?
Positron
What are properties of beta plus?
medium ionising
medium penetration
What are characteristics of gamma radiation
low ionising
high penetration
What is background radiation?
weak radiation from underground rocks
What are some examples of background radiation?
cosmic rays
underground rocks
medical rays
Name two objects that can detect radioactivity
photographic film and a Geiger-Muller Tube
How does photographic film detect radioactivity?
film goes darker when it absorbs radiation. It is worn as badges for people who work with radiation
How does a GM tube detect radiation?
each time it absorbs radiation, an electrical pulse is sent to the machine which produces a clicking sound. The greater amount of clicks the more radiation is present.
What experiment made people realize that the atom was mostly empty space?
The Rutherford experiment with gold foil
What can’t Alpha particles goo through?
paper
What can’t beta particles pass through
5mm of aluminum
what can’t gamma particle pass through?
thick sheet of lead or meters of concrete
What is activity?
number of decays per second
What is the units for activity?
Becquerel (bq)
What is the half life?
The time taken for a radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay
Can the half life be predicted?
no it is a random process
What safety measures must be taken when handling with something radioactive?
glove
correct PPE
mask
keep as much distance as possible
use a utensil to touch it
What is contamination?
The source of radiation is transferred to an object
What is irradiation?
The source emits radiation which reaches the object
Note
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