Respiratory System

Responsible for external respiration, which occurs in primarily lungs

Function of Respiratory System

• Mucosa

• Submucosa

• Muscularis Externa

• Adventitia

What are the histologic layers of respiratory system?

Respiratory, olfactory, or non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What epithelium makes up the epithelium?

Connective tissue; lymphoid tissue

The lamina propria of mucosa is compose of, and may contain what?

Smooth Muscle

Muscularis mucosae is made of?

Submucosa

• Made of connective tissue

• Absent in some segments of respiratory tract

• May also contain lymphoid tissue

Muscularis Externa

What histologic layer is composed of skeletal or smooth muscle tissue?

Adventitia

This is a histologic layer that is made of LCT.

Nose

A hollow organ whose cavity is divided into two nasal cavities of fossae.

Nasal Septum

This is a cartilaginous wall that separate the nose into two nasal cavities.

Superior, middle, inferior nasal conchae

What do you call the shelf-like structures in the lateral wall of each nasal cavity?

bone; hyaline cartilage

The framework of the walls, roof, an floor of nose is formed party by ____ and partly by _______ _______

Respiratory epithelium

What lines the nasal mucosa?

Non-ciliated cuboidal or columnar epithelium

Lines the junction of the vestibule and nasal cavity

Olfactory Epithelium

Lines the roof of the nasal cavity

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Respiratory epithelium is also known as?

Ciliated columnar cell

What cell in the RE is most abundant and has up to 300 cilia?

Goblet cell

This cell in the RE helps in the production of mucus.

Brush cells

These are columnar cell with microvilli, associated with afferent nerve ending

Serous cell

This cell in the RE is non-ciliated columnar cell that has dense apical granules

Basal cell

This cell in the RE is short, rounded, and known to be the stroma

Granule cell (Kulchitsky cell)

This cell in RE contains hormones

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

The olfactory epithelium is also known as the?

Sense of smell

What sense is contained by the olfactory epithelium?

Olfactory glands (Bowman’s gland)

These are branched tubuloalveolar gland that is serous

Sustentacular or supporting cell

This has broad apical region and narrow bone that provide structural support for the olfactory cells

Olfactory cell

This is spindle-shaped bipolar neurons; functional cell

Olfactory nerve

Forms many fila olfactoria that enters the cranial cavity

Basal cells

These are small, rounded, conical, stem cells of sustentacular and olfactory cells

Paranasal sinuses

This is lined by respiratory epithelium that is thinner and contains fewer goblet cells and lamina propria

Paranasal sinuses

This serves as resonating chambers for speech

Pharynx

This is a funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube common to both digestive and respiratory systems

Non-keratinized stratified epithelium

What lines the oropharynx and and laryngopharynx?

Nasopharynx

What layer of the pharynx is lined by respiratory epithelium?

Ciliated stratified columnar epithelium

What lines the roof part of the pharynx sometimes?

Pharyngeal tonsil, palatine tonsil, tubal tonsil

These are the 3 locations of tonsils

Submucosa

What is found in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx and terminal portion of the laryngopharynx?

Longitudinally- arranged

The inner layer of muscularis externa of pharynx is arranged how?

Circularly-arranged

The outer layer of muscularis externa of pharynx is arranged how?

Larynx

This connects the pharynx to trachea; also known as Adam’s apple.

Phonation

What is the important role of larynx?

Thyroid, cricoid, epiglotis

The three unpaired cartilages that makes up the larynx

Hyaline cartilage

The thyroid and cricoid are made of what cartilage?

Epiglottic

This unpaired cartilage is made of elastic cartilage

Extrinsic muscle

This connects the larynx to the surrounding structures

Intrinsic muscle

Open and closes the rima of glottis and regulate tension of the vocal cords

Respiratory epithelium and non-keratinized stratified squamous

What lines the internal surface of the larynx?

Trachea

This is permanently patent tube

16-20 C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings

What keeps the lumen of trachea permanently open?

Main bronchi

They have smaller caliber, thinner respiratory epithelium, and fewer submucosal glands

Lungs

Pair of conical organs that occupy the greater part of the thoracic cavity.

Hilus

What is the mediastinal surface that has a triangular depression

Pleura

A double layer of fibrous tissue that envelopes each lung

Parietal pleura

What layer of pleura is directly attached to the surrounding?

Visceral pleura

What layer of pleura is directly attached to the lungs?

Mesothelium

The free surface of the layers of pleura is lined by?

Bronchial tree

These are branches ramified from main bronchi

Bronchi

Succeeding branches that has less cartilage, lower epithelium, and fewer goblet cells

Bronchioles

They have cartilage and epithelium and transform from, pseudostratified proximally to simple columnar to cuboidal distally

Clara cells

These are non-ciliated, have microvilli, and granules with surface active lipoprotein

Terminal bronchioles

This is the last segment of the conducting portion of RS

Respiratory bronchioles

Their wall consist merely of simple epithelium and thin layer of CT

Simple cuboidal or simple squamous epithelium

What lines the alveolar ducts which have no solid walls

Alveolar sacs

These are cluster of alveoli

300-480 alveoli

How many alveoli does a single individual have?

Alveolar pores

These are holes in the walls of alveoli that provide air to other alveoli

Pulmonary alveolar macrophage

Also known as dust cells; most numerous cells in the alveoli

Pulmonary arteries

Brings blood for oxygenation

Pulmonary veins

What veins carry oxygenated blood back to the heart

Bronchial arteries

Carry oxygenated blood that supplies the bronchial tree