AP US History Unit 7 Tariffs and Acts

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

• Raised U.S. tariffs to the highest levels in history (31%-49% on imports).

• Led to retaliatory tariffs from other nations, worsening the global depression.

(1930)

Debt Moratorium

• Suspended international war debt payments.

• Led to global financial instability and bank failures.

(1931)

Federal Farm Board (1929, expanded in 1931)

• Helped farmers stabilize prices by holding surplus grain and cotton.

• Too limited to counter overproduction.

(1929, expanded in 1931)

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

• Provided emergency loans to railroads, banks, and businesses.

• Intended to stabilize key industries, but criticized as "trickle-down" economics.

(RFC) (1932)

Emergency Banking Relief Act

• Allowed the government to examine and reopen solvent banks after a bank holiday.

(1933)

Glass-Steagall Act

• Increased banking regulations.

• Established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to protect bank deposits.

(1933)

Home Owners Loan Corporation

• Provided refinancing to prevent home foreclosures.

(HOLC) (1933)

Farm Credit Administration

• Offered low-interest loans to struggling farmers to prevent land loss.

(1933)

Federal Emergency Relief Administration

• Gave grants to states for direct relief efforts like soup kitchens.

(FERA) (1933)

Public Works Administration

• Funded state and local infrastructure projects to create jobs.

(PWA) (1933)

Civilian Conservation Corps

• Employed young men in environmental projects like reforestation.

(CCC) (1933)

Tennessee Valley Authority

• Built dams and power plants in the Tennessee Valley to provide electricity and flood control.

(TVA) (1933)

National Recovery Administration

• Regulated wages, hours, and prices to stabilize industries.

• Declared unconstitutional in 1935 (Schechter v. U.S.).

(NRA) (1933)

Agricultural Adjustment Act

• Paid farmers to reduce production to raise prices.

• Declared unconstitutional in 1935.

(AAA) (1933)

Civil Works Administration

• Created temporary public jobs for the unemployed.

(CWA) (1933)

Securities and Exchange Commission

• Regulated the stock market and banned speculative trading.

(SEC) (1934)

Federal Housing Administration (FHA) (1934)

• Insured loans for home construction and repairs.

(FHA) (1934)

Works Progress Administration (WPA) (1935)

• Created millions of jobs in construction, arts, and public services.

(WPA) (1935)

National Youth Administration

• Provided part-time jobs for students.

(NYA) (1935)

Resettlement Administration

• Gave loans to small farmers and established migrant camps.

(RA) (1935)

Wagner Act

• Guaranteed workers’ right to unionize and collectively bargain.

• Created the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).

(1935)

Rural Electrification Administration

• Provided loans to extend electricity to rural areas.

(REA) (1935)

Social Security Act

• Established unemployment insurance and pensions for retirees.

(1935)

Fair Labor Standards Act

• Set a minimum wage, a 40-hour workweek, and child labor restrictions.

(1938)

Indian Reorganization Act

• Ended the Dawes Act, restored tribal land control, and promoted Native American self-government.

(1934)