PATHFIT - UNIT 3: Introduction to Human Movement

HUMAN MOVEMENT

is an area of study that studies how and why humans move and the factors that limit and enhance our ability to move.

Neuromusculoskeletal system

refers to three systems in the body that work together to help us move and perform physical activities.

nervous system

This system controls your body's movements by sending signals to your muscles.

Muscular System

which create movement by contracting and relaxing when they receive signals from the nervous system.

skeletal system

which provide structure and support to your body.

Cardiorespiratory system

refers to two systems in your body that work together to provide oxygen to your muscles and organs and remove waste products like carbon dioxide.

cardio

The heart pumps blood through y our blood vessels, delivering oxygen and nutrients to your body's cells and removing waste.

respiratory system

brings oxygen into your body when you breathe and gets rid of carbon dioxide when you exhale

cardinal planes

Body planes, also known as

body planes

are hypothetical planes used to identify the structures in human anatomy.

anatomical position

refers to the positioning of the body when it's standing upright, facing forward, with each arm hanging on either side of the body while the palms are facing forward.

Superior (or cranial)

Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper.

Inferior (or caudal).

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper;

lateral

Describes the side or direction toward the side of the body.

medial

Describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body.

proximal

Describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.

distal

Describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.

superficial

Describes a position closer to the surface of the body.

deep

Describes a position farther from the surface of the body

plane

is an imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body.

sagittal plane

is the plane that divides the body or an organ vertically into right and left sides.

midsagittal or median plane.

If this vertical plane runs directly down the middle of the body, it is called the

parasagittal plane

if sagittal plane divides the body into unequal right and left sides, it is called a

frontal plane

is the plane that divides the body or an organ into an anterior (front) portion and a posterior

coronal plane

The frontal plane is often referred to as a

transverse plane

is the plane that divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower portions.

cross sections

Transverse planes produce images referred to as

flexion and extension

These movements take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs.

flexion

is an anterior (forward) bending of the neck or body

extension

involves a posterior-directed motion, such as straightening from a flexed position or bending backward.

hyperextension

An abnormal or excessive extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion, thus resulting in injury

abduction

moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body

adduction

is the opposing movement that brings the limb toward the body or across the midline.

circumduction

is the movement of the limb, hand, or fingers in a circular pattern,

Supination and Pronation

Palms face up and palms face down respectively

dorsi flexion

Toes pointing upward

plantar flexion

toes pointing downward

MOVEMENT

is the act or process of moving in either a change of place, position, or posture.

non locomotor, locomotor, and manipulative

There are three types of fundamental movements: