Module 1 Exam - Portage Learning - Microbiology

True/False. A virus is classified as a microbe.

Correct!

True!

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Although viruses are not living and as such are not considered microorganisms, they can, however, be classified as microbes, a more general term that includes microorganisms and viruses.

True or False: The smallest biological unit of life is the molecule.

False!

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The smallest biological unit of life is the cell.

At a generalized level, all cells are comprised of what?

macromolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides)

Proteins are formed from various combinations of _________ of which there are _________ known forms.

amino acids 20

Define an essential amino acid.

An essential amino acid cannot be produced by the human body and as such must be take in from the environment through alternative sources (i.e) food.

Where can the two major types of nucleic acids be found in the cell, and what are their roles?

While both DNA and RNA can be found in the nucleus (center of the cell), only RNA is capable of leaving the nucleus. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.

Complete the following RNA strand, and indicate how many bonds are formed for each complementary pair:

3' GGUCAUCG 5'

5' CC AGC 3'

3' GGUCAUCG 5'

5' CCAGUAGC 3'

There are 2 bonds formed between A and U, and 3 bonds between G and C.

The plasma membrane (select all that are true):

Is often a bilayer comprised of lipids

Contains hydrophobic tails pointing inward

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms come together to form what primary macromolecule? Give an example.

Polysaccharides (carbohydrates). Any sugar is acceptable: Glucose, sucrose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose, etc.

Also options: Starch, glycogen, cellulose, or chitin

True of False: The genetic material within a prokaryotic cell is contained within a membrane-enclosed region.

False!

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Only eukaryotic cells contain its genetic material within a nucleus

Describe the 4 basic bacterial morphologies.

Coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).

True or False: Archaea is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions

True!

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Archaea can often be found in harsh conditions such as high salt levels, high acid conditions, high temperatures and even oxygen-poor conditions.

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi and Protista are all classification under what type of organism?

Eukarya

Microorganisms classified as Plantae obtain most of their energy by converting ________ energy into _______ energy.

Light (sunlight); chemical (sugars)

A defining characteristic of fungi is the presence of chitin in the cell walls. Which of following also contain chitin? Select all that apply.

Mushrooms, yeast, molds

True or False: A defining characteristic of Protista is the inability of colonies to form tissue layers.

True!

The function of the ribosome is (select all that apply):

Protein synthesis: ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and in the ER of eukaryotic cells

Identify the following cellular components by matching the number with the description.

1. F - nucleus

2. B - lysosome

3. E - plasma membrane

4. G - Golgi apparatus

5. D - rough endoplasmic reticulum

Cell walls are found in which of the following (select all that apply):

plants, fungi, bacteria, algae

The function of the Golgi is (select all that apply):

Protein modification and distribution-Within the Golgi complex proteins are modified and then distributed throughout the cell.

True or False. All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are autotropic.

False!

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they are heterotropic.