Simple Neuroanatomy

whats another name for anterior and posterior?

anterior- ventral, posterior- dorsal

whats another name for superior and inferior?

superior- rostral, inferior- caudal

nucleus meaning??

cluster of cell bodies (same as ganglion in PNS/ gray matter)

tracts meaning??

bundles of myelinated axons (white matter in the brain)

what do the General somatic afferent nerves do?

carry sensory info to the CNS from muscles and skin

what do the General somatic efferent nerves do?

carry motor info from the CNS to skeletal muscles

what do the General visceral afferent nerves do?

carry sensory info to the CNS from organs and blood vessels

what do the General visceral efferent nerves do?

carry motor info from the CNS to smooth muscle and glands (parasympathetic innervation)

what do the cranial nerves do?

control the special senses

what do the special somatic afferent nerves do?

vision, hearing, & balance

what do the special visceral afferent nerves do?

smell, taste

what do the special visceral efferent nerves do?

branchial arch striated muscles

what are the 5 secondary brain vesicles?

Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon

what does the telencephalon develop into?

cerebral cortex & basal ganglia

what does the diencephalon develop into?

optic stalk, optic cup, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituary gland, pineal gland

what does the mesencephalon develop into?

midbrain

what does the metencephalon develop into?

pons & cerebellum

what does the myelencephalon develop into?

medulla oblongata

what is the brain stem made up of?

midbrain + pons + medulla

what is this?

parietal lobe

what is this?

temporal lobe

what is this?

Occipital lobe

what is this?

diencephalon

what is this?

midbrain

what is this?

pons

what is this?

medulla

whats the difference between sulcus and gyrus?

gyrus= ridge

sulcus=groove

what sulcus is this?

central sulcus

what sulcus is this?

parieto-occipital sulcus

which sulcus is this?

lateral sulcus

whats this pointing to?

longitudinal fissure

what sulcus is this?

calcarine sulcus

what sulcus is this?

Parieto-occipital

whats this gyrus and what does it do?

precentral gyrus- primary motor area

whats this gyrus and what does it do?

pest control gyrus- primary somesthetic (somatosensory) area

what is this area called?

primary auditory area

what is this area called?

primary visual area

what are these pointing to?

primary visual area

who in the 19th century numbered areas of the cortex correctly?

Korbinian Brodmann

how did Broodmann decide what to number each region?

based on fine structures and neuronal components of its six layers

what are ventricles in the brain?

spaces within the brain filled with CSF

what are functions of the CSF

supports brains weight, prevents compression of its blood supply, buffers againts blows to the head, can wash out metabolic waste products

what is blanked out?

lateral ventricles

what is this?

chloroid plexus

what is this?

third ventricle

what is this

cerebral aqueduct

what is this?

fourth ventricle

what are the two large arteries that supply the brain on each side?

internal carotid arteries

vertebral arteries

what are the 3 layers of membranes surrounding the brain?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

what is the dura mater made up of?

meningeal (inner layer), periosteal (outer layer)

what is the arachnoid mater made up of?

thin subarachnoid space containing CSF

what is the black arrow pointing to?

dura mater

what is the green arrow pointing to?

arachnoid mater

what is the red arrow pointing to?

pia mater

what is the arrow pointing to

dural partition

what is this pointing to

dural venous sinus

what dural partition is this

falx cerebri

what dural partition is this

tentorium cerebelli

what is this?

transverse sinus

what is this?

straight sinus

what are these called?

superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

what is this

sigmoid sinus

what does the sigmoid sinus continue into?

internal jugular vein

CSF in the subarachnoid drains how?

through arachnoid granulations into the venous blood in the superior sagittal sinus