(CIE A2 Biology) Ploidy + homologous chromosomes (based on SaveMyExams revision notes)

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10 Terms

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Diploid Cell

A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, represented as 2n.

<p>A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, represented as 2n.</p>
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Haploid Cell

A cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes, represented as n.

<p>A cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes, represented as n.</p>
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Gametes

Haploid cells involved in sexual reproduction; for humans, the female egg and male sperm.

<p>Haploid cells involved in sexual reproduction; for humans, the female egg and male sperm.</p>
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Reduction Division

The first cell division of meiosis that reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid.

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Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosomes that have the same genes in the same positions, but may carry different alleles.

<p>Chromosomes that have the same genes in the same positions, but may carry different alleles.</p>
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Zygote

A fertilized egg formed when the nuclei of two gametes fuse, containing a diploid number of chromosomes.

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Chromosome Number in Humans

Humans have 46 chromosomes in diploid cells (23 pairs) and 23 in haploid cells.

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Centromere Position

The specific location on a chromosome that holds sister chromatids together.

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Alleles

Different forms of a gene that may exist at a specific locus on homologous chromosomes in a gene pair.

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Meiosis

The process of cell division that produces haploid gametes from diploid cells.