Kinetic and Potential Energy

What was James Joules official daytime job?

A brewer

Where did James Joule live?

England

What discovery did James Joule discover?

A connection between the work a motor does and the heat it produces

What unit do we measure energy in?

Joules

Who quantified Joules’ ideas?

William Thomson AKA Lord Kelvin

What laws did Thomson/Kelvin create?

Laws of Thermodynamics

Where do many ideas about heat and energy come from?

Concerns on how to make more efficient machines

What experiment did Joules do to prove his theories?

An experiment with water paddleboards and a weight held by a rope

The energy inside a closed system….?

Always remains the same

What is the law of conservation of energy?

Energy is neither created nor destroyed

All actions in the universe can be thought of as…? (in terms of energy)

One object giving energy to another object

What is kinetic energy?

The energy something has when its moving

How does the sun get its energy?

From nuclear reactions in its core that fuse hydrogen atoms to make helium

How long have the energy in hydrogen atoms been around?

Since the birth of the universe

What is the birth of the universe sometimes referred to as?

The Big Bang

What is heat?

Energy in transit between objects at different temperatures

True or False: Objects that are hot contain heat

False

Objects can either ____ or _____ heat

Emit, absorb

What did scientists originally call heat being exchanged?

Phlogiston

What is temperature

Average kinetic energy of atoms in an object

What are atoms doing in a fluid substance?

Constantly moving around

How do atoms move inside of a solid?

They vibrate in place

Atoms inside any substance are always in ______

Motion

Atoms tend to move around at _____ speeds

Random

What is another way of thinking about heat, in terms of kinetic energy?

Combined kinetic energy exchange between two atoms

What are all 3 Laws of Thermodynamics?

1-Energy in a closed system is always conserved

2-Heat always flows from high to low temperatures

3-No substance will ever reach absolute 0

If a substance actually could reach absolute 0, what would the atoms be doing?

Not moving at all

When you submerge an object into a substance that is a different temperature, the final temperatures will be….?

Somewhere in between the original two temperatures

Why can’t a substance ever reach absolute zero?

It would need to be submerged in something lower than 0, which doesn’t exist

What is gravitational potential energy?

The energy something possesses due to its orientation within a gravitational field

A stone that was just thrown up in the air will have a high _____ and a low ____

Kinetic; potential

When a stone is thrown, at what position will it have maximum potential energy?

At its maximum height

When does a pendulum have the highest kinetic energy?

At its lowest height

When does a pendulum have its highest potential energy?

At its maximum height

How should you think of potential energy?

As energy that can be easily converted to kinetic energy (still its own kind of energy)

When friction slows an object down, what happens to the kinetic energy?

It is forever lost as heat

True or False: There is no potential energy of friction

True

What is the potential energy of charged particles called?

Electric potential energy

How are electric potential and gravitational potential energy different?

The forces they deal with are different