BIOC 212 Midterm (Lectures 1-14)

Energy carriers

Activated carriers for the coupling energetically unfavourable reactions to energetically favourable ones, such as ATP and acetyl CoA

Equation for the equilibrium constant

K = [product]/[substrate]

Equation for free Gibbs energy change

deltaG = deltaGstandard + PTdeltav^K

Conformation of amino acids in proteins

L-amino acids only, trans configuration for all amino acids except proline which can sometimes be cis

Rotation around peptide bonds

The peptide bond is planar so cannot rotate, however limited freedom of rotation is conferred by rotation around the bounds to the alpha-C

Hydrophobic interactions between amino acid residues

Exclusion of water to reduce the number of constrained water molecules

Disulphide bonds in amino acids

Covalent bonds between the S atoms in two Cys residues, reinforce protein structure in the environment, often in secretory proteins and not normally in cytosolic proteins