AP World Unit 3

How did the Qing Dynasty consolidate power?

reintroduced civil service exam

Q: How did the Ottomans consolidate power?

Used the Devshirme System—enslaved Christian boys, trained them as loyal soldiers (Janissaries) or bureaucrats.

How did the Aztecs rule their empire?

Used a tribute system

What were zamindars?

Mughal tax collectors who collected taxes based on land or production.

What was the Devshirme System?

Ottomans enslaved Christian boys, trained them as loyal soldiers (Janissaries)

What was the Aztec tribute system

Conquered people were forced to pay tribute

How did the Ottomans collect taxes?

tax farming—private collectors gathered taxes and kept some for themselves.

How did the Mughals collect taxes

Appointed zamindars

What did the Aztecs demand from tribute states?

Goods like food, resources, or people for sacrifices.

What were the gunpowder empires?

Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal

Who were the Janissaries?

Elite ottoman soldiers

Who were the Ghulams?

Elite safadid soldiers

What was the Aztec "blood tax"?

ppl from tribute states provided people for sacrifice

How did Islamic rulers legitimize power?

Calling themselves caliphs

What was the Divine Right of Kings?

the idea that the king gets his power from God

How did the Songhai Empire legitimize power?

Rulers converted to islam

What was the Protestant Reformation?

A split in Christianity—Catholics vs. Protestants

Why did Ottomans and Safavids fight?

Ottomans were sunni muslims, Safadids were shia muslims

How did the Qing use art to legitimize power?

Commissioned portraits of emperors to show authority.

Which empire did the Taj Mahal belong to

Mughal empire

Where was the palace of Versailles built

France

What was the Civil Service Exam?

A test in China for government jobs to ensure loyal officials.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas.

What were the 5 maritime empires?

Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French, British

what were the 6 land-based empires

Qing Dynasty (China)

Mughal Empire (South/Central Asia)

Ottoman Empire (Southern Europe, Middle East, North Africa)

Safavid Empire (Middle East)

Aztec Empire (Americas)

Songhai Empire