BIOL487 RAT goals Bad Blood Case

Hemoglobin

Protein that oxygen can bind to resulting in transport of oxygen throughout the body.

Erythropoiesis

Red blood cell production

Erythropoietin

Horomone made in the kidneys that regulates red blood cell production

Hematocrit

Percentage of total blood volume that is packed red blood cells

Transfusion

The transfer of blood or fluid into the circulatory system

Autologous Retransfusion

collecting and reinfusing a patients own blood or blood components in a procedure

Cardiac output

It is the combination of how hard and how often your heart is beating. Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

VO2

Oxygen consumption or how much oxygen is used up

VO2 max

Indicator of the ability to preform endurance exercise. The greater the VO2 max someone has, the greater a persons ability to work.

Arteriovenous Oxygen Content Difference

The difference in oxygen levels between arterial and venous blood

Viscosity

Thickness of fluid

Resistance

The tendency of the cardiovascular system to oppose blood flow

Blood Pressure

The pressure exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

What is blood doping and what are major ways people do it?

The misuse of substances/ certain techniques to increase ones red blood cell mass. This can result in more oxygen transport to muscles and therefore increase stamina and performance. The following ways are major ways people do blood doping

1. The use of synthetic O2 carriers

2. The transfusion of red blood cells

3. The infusion of hemoglobin

4. The artificial stimulation of erythropoiesis

Explain the major action of erythropoietin in the body and why athletes could be tempted in using a drug to stimulate it?

Erythropoietin is a horomone secretes from the kidneys and liver that proliferates and stimulates the survival of erythrocytic progenitors. The enhanced release of reticulocytes results in an increase blood hemoglobin concentration and overall hemoglobin mass. The greater the hemoglobin mass, the more oxygen can be transported to muscles hence increasing stamina and performance.