Biology 211L Practical 2 - Iowa State University

Is the gametophyte, sporophyte, or both nutritionally independent in Phylum Hepaticophyta?

The gametophyte is independent, the sporophyte is dependent

Do members of Phylum Zygomycota reproduce sexually or asexually?

Typically asexually, but can reproduce sexually

What is the common name for members of Phylum Ascomycota?

Sac fungi

What is the common name for members of Phylum Basidiomycota?

Club fungi

What group of protists is typically the photosynthetic component of a lichen?

Green algae or cyanobacteria

What events occur in the zygosporangium?

Formation of a zygote

What is the distinguishing feature of aseptate (coenocytic) hyphae? What is the ploidy level of these hyphae?

The hyphae are not separated by septa, 1N

What is the ploidy level of the spores produced in the sporangium?

1N

What is the distinguishing feature of septate hyphae? What are the two possible ploidy levels of these hyphae?

The hyphae are separated by septa, 1N or 2N

What type of cell division results in the production of spores by conidiophores?

Mitosis

Ascospores are produced inside of what structures?

Asci

What ploidy level occurs inside an ascus that occurs nowhere else in the ascomycete life cycle?

1N

What is the relationship between an ascocarp and a mycelium?

The mycelium stores nutrients in order to sustain the ascocarp once it appears

What is the relationship between a basidiocarp and a mycelium?

The mycelium produces the basidiocarp

What do basidia produce?

Basidiospores

What type of cell division gives rise to basidiospores?

Meiosis

What is the relationship between gills and basidiospores?

Basidiospores are found on the gills

Most lichens include a member of which phylum of fungi?

Ascomycota

In a minority of lichens (about 10% of known lichens), photosynthesis is carried out by which group of organisms?

Green algae

What type of spores are produced when the fungal component of a lichen reproduces sexually?

Diaspores

What is the function of soredia?

Asexual reproductive structures in lichen

What is the relationship between an ascocarp and an apothecium?

An apothecium is a cup-like ascocarp

How does the fungal component of a lichen obtain its food?

Photosynthetic algae

Saccaromyces cerevisiae is a member of phylum __________.

Ascomycota

Where are you most likely to find gametophytes residing in species of Phylum Lycophyta?

Surface of the soil

What is the common name for members of Phylum Lycophyta?

Club mosses

What is the common name for members of Phylum Hepaticophyta?

Liverworts

What is the common name for members of Phylum Bryophyta?

Mosses

What is the common name for members of Phylum Pteridophyta?

Ferns

What do gemmae do?

A single cell, or a mass of cells, that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual

What is the relationship between an archegonium and an archegoniophore?

Archegoniophores produce archegonia in liverworts

What is the relationship between an antheridium and an antheridiophore?

Antheridiophore produces the antheridia

What does the sporophyte produce by meiosis?

Spores

What do hydroids do?

Conduct water and minerals

What type of cell division produces the gametes in the archegonium?

Mitosis

What does the antheridium produce?

Sperm

How does a moss sporophyte obtain the water and food it requires?

The mother plant (gametophyte)

What is the ploidy level of peristome teeth?

2N

What group of protists looks most similar to moss protonema?

Oedogonium

In most mosses, which is longer lived -- the gametophyte or the sporophyte?

Gametophyte

How does a fern gametophyte obtain the food it requires?

Photosynthesis

What multicellular structures are produced by the sorus?

Spores

What type of cell division produces spores in fern sporangia?

Meiosis

How do fern sperm get from the antheridia to the egg?

The sperm swim using flagella

What does the archegonium produce?

Eggs

Approximately how long have ferns been present on Planet Earth?

360 million years

How is xylem tissue similar to, and distinct from, hydroids?

Both conduct water, but hydroids are primitive and evolved into xylem tissue

What are some common names for members in Phylum Cupressophyta?

Redwoods, yew

What are some common names for members in Phylum Pinophyta?

Pines

What is the common name for members of Phylum Cycadophyta?

Cycads

What is the common name for members of Phylum Ginkgophyta?

Ginkgos

What is the common name for members of Phylum Anthophyta?

Angiosperms

What is the distinction between a microspore and a pollen grain?

The microspore develops into a pollen grain

What is the function of the cuticle?

Prevent water loss

What is the function of xylem tissue?

Transport water, nutrients, and minerals

What type of cell division produces microspores?

Meiosis

What is the ploidy level of pollen grains? Are they unicellular of multicellular?

1N, multicellular

Do ovulate cones produce male or female gametes?

Female gametes

What do integuments develop into?

Seed coats

What is the relationship between micropyles and pollen grains?

Pollen grains travel through the micropyle to reach the egg in the megasporangium

What is the ploidy level of the megasporangium?

2N

What does the megaspore develop into?

Female gametophyte

What does the ovule develop into?

A seed

Which part of the stamen has specialized cells that undergo mitosis?

Anther

Which part of the pistil produces ovules?

Ovary

What is the function of petals in many plant species?

Protect parts of the flower, attract/repel specific pollinators

What type of cell division produces microspores?

Meiosis

Are pollen grains unicellular or multicellular?

Multicellular

Are sperm produced in the pollen tube by mitosis or by meiosis?

Mitosis

What does the megasporocyte develop into?

Female gametophyte

What is the ploidy level of the integuments?

2N

In total how any cells make up the female gametophyte?

8

What structure in a flower develops into a fruit?

Ovary