Chapter 7 AP CHEM Notes

● Remember

ions from an orbital with largest n get removed first

coulomb's law

a fundamental principle of electrostatics; the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them

effective nuclear charge

net positive charge experienced by valence electrons

bonding atomic radius

bond distance/2

ionization energy

minimum energy required to remove an electron from the ground state of the isolated gaseous atom or ion

electron affinity

energy change that occurs when an electrons added to a gaseous atom