Review of Psychological Approaches and Therapies

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on different psychological approaches and therapies, including positive reinforcement, existential therapy, and the PERMA model in positive psychology.

What is the primary focus of positive reinforcement in therapy?

Positive reinforcement is a key concept in behaviorism, used to encourage desired behaviors through rewards.

Why is cognitive restructuring associated with cognitive therapy rather than psychoanalytic therapy?

Cognitive restructuring deals with changing maladaptive thoughts, which aligns with the cognitive model's focus, unlike psychoanalytic therapy that focuses on unconscious processes.

What does existential therapy emphasize regarding human existence?

Existential therapy emphasizes the unique, subjective experience of individuals and the importance of personal agency and responsibility.

What is the PERMA model in positive psychology?

The PERMA model consists of five pillars: Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishments, which contribute to overall well-being.

How is humanistic psychology different from existential therapy regarding human nature?

Humanistic psychology views human nature as fundamentally good, whereas existential therapy recognizes both the potential for growth and destruction.

What is a key characteristic of techniques used in psychoanalytic therapy?

Psychoanalytic therapy often utilizes techniques like free association and transference to explore unconscious material.

What did Viktor Frankl mean by 'he who has a why to live for can bear almost any how'?

It emphasizes the importance of finding meaning in life as a way to endure suffering and challenges.

What role does anxiety play in existential therapy?

Anxiety is viewed as a normal response to the freedom of choice and the complexities of existence.

What criticism has been leveled against the field of positive psychology?

Critics argue that it may overlook the importance of addressing psychological dysfunction and can promote unrealistic expectations of constant happiness.

In terms of therapy, what is meant by 'conditions of worth' in humanistic psychology?

Conditions of worth refer to the expectations imposed by society or others that can hinder personal growth and self-actualization.