6.2 India and New imperialism

What caused the decline of the Mughal empire?

Religious Conflict, Increasing Decentralization, Conquest by Maratha Empire

British East India Company

Chartered joint stock company who built large amounts of factories/Coastal forts by 1812

Company Rule in India

(1612-1857) British East India Company's Expansion, Sepoys, Export Focus

Export Focus

The British east India company made cash crops (Opium, Tea, Cotton, and Rice) the main economic force of India, Focus on exports for British, not production for themselves

Sepoy

Mughal Soldiers paid to fight for the British East India Company, who used industrially produced weapons and had a shared sepoy identity

British East India Company's Expansion

British East India Company gains coastal land, moving inland as the Mughal empire weakens

Seven Years War and the Battle of Plassey

(1757) The seven years war -> Britain Dominance, Battle of Plassey -> Bengal under complete control of the British East India Company

What caused the end of company rule in India?

Cooperate mismanagement -> Heavy Taxation, Corruption, Great Bengal Famine (1769-1773), Sepoy Rebellion

What caused the Sepoy Rebellion?

Caste tensions, anger at military reform, rifle cartridge controversy

Sepoy Rebellion

(1857) Multiple revolts across northern India -> Restoration of the Mughal Emperor, but failed as some states sided with the British East India Company

How did Britain (Government) respond to the Sepoy Rebellion?

They believed to show the weakness of the British East India Company -> companies dissolution + Parliament claims India (Government of India Act (1858))

British Raj

(1857-1947) Direct British rule of Indian sub continent with Administrative Economic, and Social Reform

Administrative Reform of the British Raj

Creation of "sovereign" princely states, which had little actual independence, Westernization, Modernization, and Anglicization

Economic Reform of the British Raj

Creation of transportation (Railroads), but not means of production (Factories)

Social Reform of the British Raj

British dominated social hierarchy, Breakdown of general institutions, Reinforcement of the caste system -> Increased Hindu vs Muslim Divide

What were the effects of the social reform of the British Raj?

Creation of an Indian Middle Class (Modernization), End of traditional practices (Westernization), ( Imposition of British Customs (Anglicization)

Creation of Indian middle class

Indian Civil Service: Elite professional class who administered British government in India

What happened because of India's new middle class?

As the middle class was given a western education, they were also given western ideas like Nationalism

What were the effects of the economic reform of the British Raj?

India as export economy, Export natural, Import Manufactured

Indian National Congress

Political party who wanted more Indian participation in the colonial government

Indian National Congress after WWI

Gandhi and demand for (India's) self government\

India National Congress After WWII

Partition of India: India Separated into India (Hindu) and Pakistan (Muslim) -> Separation of Families, Sexual Violence and Massacre of Migrants, Radicalization