Introduction

Law

Any rule of action or any system of uniformity

Divine Law

Law of religion and faith; concerns with concept of sin and salvation

Natural Law

Divine inspiration in man of sense of justice, fairness, and righteousness by internal dictates of reason alone

Moral Law

Totality of norms of good and right growing out of the collective sense of right and wrong of every community

Physical Law

Uniformities of actions and orders of sequence; physical phenomena that we sense and feel

State Law

Promulgated and enforced by the state

Statutes

laws enacted by Congress

Congress

legislative branch of the Philippine government

Legal system

sum of binding rules existing in a given society

Constitution

Written instrument which fundamental powers of the government are established, limited, and defined and by which these powers are distributed among several departments

Legislation

Declaration of legal rules by a competent authority

Executive Orders

Those issued by administrative officials under legislative authority

Jurisprudence

Decisions of course (Supreme Court) applying or interpreting laws or the Constitution

Doctrine of precedent

states that decisions of a superior court on point of law are binding on all subordinate courts

Custom

Habits and practices through long and uninterrupted usage have become acknowledged and approved by society as binding rules of conduct

Remedial Sanction

object is the indemnification of the person who suffered damages from a violation of law

Penal Sanction

punishment of the violator

Due process

before the law goes against and individual he is given a hearing and fair opportunity to show why he should not

Juridical power

power to decide actual cases and controversies involving the interpretation and application of laws

Substantive law

Portion of body of law that creates, defines, and regulates rights and duties which may either be public or private

Adjective law

Prescribes the manner or procedure by which rights may be enforced or their violations redressed

Public law

Regulates the rights and duties arising from the relationship of the state to the people

Private law

Relations of individuals with one another for purely private ends

Law on obligations and contracts

Body of rules which deals with the nature and sources of obligations and the rights and duties arising from agreements and the particular contracts

Civil Code of the Philippines

Where law on obligations and contracts is found

Substantive Law

Portion of body of law that creates, defines, and regulates rights and duties which may either be public or private

Adjective Law

Prescribes the manner or procedure by which rights may be enforced or their violations redressed

Statute

law made by congress

Ordinances

law made by local governments

Legislature

legitimate and competent authority