Chapter 9 medical terminology systems: a body systems approach 7th edition

blast/o

embryonic cell

chrom/o

color

eosin/o

dawn (rose colored

granul/o

granule

hem/o

blood

Kary/o

nucleolus

lymphaden/o

lymph gland (node)

Lymphangi/o

lymph vessel

morph/o

form, shape, structure

myel/o

bone marrow. spinal cord

plas/o

growth, formation

poikil/o

varied, irregular

reticul/o

net, mesh

ser/o

serum

-globin

protein

-phil

attraction for

-phoresis

carrying, transmission

-phylaxis

protection

-poiesis

formation, production

-stasis

standing still

allo-

other, differing from normal

aniso-

unequal dissimilar

iso-

same, equal

Anemia

a deficiency of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in the blood

iron deficiency anemia

anemia due to lack of iron needed to produce hemoglobin

hemorrhagic anemia

anemia caused by an excessive loss of blood

hemolytic anemia

anemia caused by excessive blood cell destruction, commonly resulting in jaundice

Aplastic anemia

serious anemia associated with bone marrow failure and resulting in erythropenia, luekopenia, and throbocytopenia

folic-acid anemia

inability to produce sufficient red blood cells due to lack of folic acidn which is essential for erythropoiesis

Pernicious anemia

Chronic, progressive anemia found mostly in people older than 50 due to lack of sufficient vitiman B12 needed for blood cell development

Sickle cell anemia

inherited anemia that causes RBC's to become crecent- or sickle-shaped when oxygen levels are low

Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which slowly destroys the immune system

Allergy

an acquired abnormal immune response to an allergen (antigen), reaction increase after initial exposure, causes hives, eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma and anaphylactic shock

Autoimmune Disease

the failure of the body to distinguish accurately between self and nonself

edema

is an abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular spaces of the body, a major cause is a decrease in blood protein levels

Hemophilia

is a hereditary disorder in which the blood-clotting mechanism is impaired, can produce hematomas and hemarthrosis

Infectious Mononucleosis

the acute infection caused by epstein-barr virus (EBV), usually from saliva and respiratory excretions

Leukemia

oncological disorder of the blood forming organs characterized by over growth of blood cells

Hodgkin Disease (hodgkin lymphoma)

is a malignant diseas of the lymph nodes

Kaposi Carcoma

associated with AIDS, is a malignancy of connective tissue like bone fat muscle and fibrous tissues

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Abnormal activation of the proteins involved in blood coagulation, causing small blood clots to form in vessels and cutting off the supply of oxygen to distal tissues

graft rejection

Process in which a recipients immune system attacks a transplanted organ or tissue

graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)

complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the transplant produces antibodies against recipients organs that can be severe enough to cause death

Hematoma

localized accumulation of blood usually clotted in an organ space or tissue due to a break in or severing of a blood vessel

hemoglobinopathy

any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule

lymphadenopathy

any disease of the lymph nodes

lymphedema

swelling primarily in a single arm or leg due to an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels

multiple myeloma

malignant tumor of plasma cells in the bone marrow

sepsis

presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; blood poisoning

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

widespread autoimmune disease that may affect the skin, brain, kidneys and joints and causes chronic inflammation

Thrombocythemia

overproduction of platelets leading to thrombosis or bleeding disorders due to platelet malformations

thrombobytopenia

abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets in the bone marrow or increased destruction of platelets in the blood vessels, spleen, or liver

von Willebrand Disease

Bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of von Willebrand factor a sticky protein that lines blood vessels and reacts with platelets to form a plug that leads to clot formation

Immunotherapy

any form of treatment that alters, enhances stimulates or restores the body's natural immune mechanisms to treat disease

allergy injections

injection with increasing strengths of the offending antigen given over a period of months or years to increase tolerance to an antigen responsible for severe allergies

biological immunotherapy

use of immune system stimulators to enhance the immune response in the treatment of certain forms of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and crohns disease

bone marrow aspiration

removal of a small sample of bone marrow using a thin aspirating needle for microscopic examination

Bone marrow transplant

infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the diseased bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers

Autologous Bone marrow transplant

infusion of the patients own bone marrow

Homologous Bone marrow tranplant

infusion of bone marrow or stem cells from a compatible donor

lymphadenectomy

Removal of lymph nodes especially in surgical procedures undertaken to remove malignant tissue

sentinel node excision

removal of the first node that receives drainage from cancer containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells

transfusion

infusion of blood products from one person to another

antinuclear antibody

test to identify antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individual's own body cells

blood culture

test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream

complete blood count

series of tests that includes hemoglobin, hematocrit, red and white blood cell counts, platelet count and differential count

monospot

nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of heterophile antibody which develops several days after infection by EBV

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot to screen for deficiencies of some clotting factors

prothrombin time (PT)

test that measures the time it takes for prothrombin to form a clot

Shilling test

test used to diagnose pernicious anemia by determining if the body properly absorbs vitamin B12 through the digestive tract

Bone Marrow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Highly sensitive imaging procedure that detects lesions and changes in bone tissue and bone marrow especially multiple myeloma

Lymphangiography

Visualization of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes using a contract medium to determine blockages or other pathologies of the lymph system

Lymphoscintigraphy

Introduction of a radioactive tracer into the lymph channel to determine lymph flow identify obstructions and locate the sentinel node

anticoagulants

Prevents blood clot formation by inhibiting the synthesis or inactivation one or more clotting factors

antifibrinolytics

Neutralize fibrinolytic chemicals in the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose and urinary tract to prevent the breakdown of blood clots

antimicrobials

destroy bacteria fungi and protozoa depending on the particular drug generally by interfering with the functions of their cell membrane or their reproductive cycle

antivirals

prevent replication of viruses within host cells

fat-soluble vitamins

prevent and treat bleeding disorders resulting from a lack of prothrombin which is commonly caused by vitamin K deficiency

Thrombolytics

Dissolve blood clots by destroying their fibrin strands