Major Muscles Chp10

What is the Origin, or head, of a muscle?

The point of muscle attachment that does NOT move when the muscle contracts

What is the insertion of a muscle?

The point of muscle attachment that DOES move when the muscle contracts?

What is a tendon?

The tissue that attaches muscle to bone

What is an Aponeurosis?

A very broad tendon

What is an agonist, or prime mover?

A muscle that causes an action when it contracts

What is an antagonist?

A muscle that works in opposition to the agonist

What are synergists?

Muscles that work together to cause a movement

What are fixators?

Muscles that stabilize joints crossed by the prime mover, they prevent movement of the Origin of the prime mover

What does the term pectoralis indicate?

Chest location

What does the term gluteus indicate?

Buttocks location

What does the term brachial indicate?

Arm location

What does the term frontalis indicate?

Frontal bone location

What does the term carpi indicate?

Wrist location

What does the term maximus indicate?

Large size

What does the term minimus indicate?

Small size

What does the term major indicate?

Larger size than other muscle

What does the term minor indicate?

Smaller size than other muscle

What does the term longus indicate?

Long size

What does the term brevis indicate?

Short size

What does the term deltoid indicate?

Triangular shape

What does the term orbicularis indicate?

Circular shape

What does the term teres indicate?

Round shape

What does the term trapezius indicate?

Trapezoid shape

What does the term rectus indicate?

Straight orientation of fasciculi

What does the term oblique indicate?

Angular orientation of fasciculi

What does the term transverse indicate?

Across orientation of fasciculi

What is fascicle/fasciculi?

A bundle / bundles of muscle fibers

What does the term biceps indicate?

Two heads / origins

What does the term triceps indicate?

Three heads / origins

What does the term quadriceps indicate?

Four heads / origins

What does the term abductor indicate?

Contraction of this muscle moves appendage away from midpoint

What does the term adductor indicate?

Contraction of this muscle moves appendage towards midpoint

What does the term masseter indicate?

Contraction of this muscle chews

What does the term flexor indicate?

Contraction of this muscle decreases the angle between two body parts

What does the term extensor indicate?

Contraction of this muscle increases the angle between two body parts

What are the functions of the head/neck muscles?

Facial expression, chewing, movement of tongue, extrinsing eye muscles, and movement of head/neck (not associated with vertebral column)

What muscle is this?

Occipitofrontalis

What muscle is this?

Orbicularis oculii

What muscle is this?

Nasalis

What muscle is this?

Zygomaticus minor

What muscle is this?

Zygomaticus major

What muscle is this?

Orbicularis oris

What muscle is this?

Risorius

What muscle is this?

Platysma

What muscle is this?

Mentalis

What muscle is this?

Temporalis

What muscle is this?

Corrugator supercilii

What muscle is this?

Procerus

What muscle is this?

Levator labii superioris

What muscle is this?

Levator anguli oris

What muscle is this?

Masseter

What muscle is this?

Buccinator

What muscle is this?

Depressor anguli oris

What muscle is this?

Depressor labii inferioris

What are cutaneous muscles?

Muscles that insert into the skin, action causes facial, lip, and eyelid movement. Produces facial expression

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Occipitofrontalis?

Origin: Occipital bone

Insertion: Skin of eyebrows, nose

Action: raising eyebrows, crinkling forehead

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Orbicularis Oculii?

Origin: Maxilla and Frontal Bone

Insertion: Skin

Action: Closes eye

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Orbicularis Oris?

Origin: Maxilla and Mandible

Insertion: Lips

Action: Closes mouth, purses lips

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Buccinator?

Origin: Mandible and Maxilla

Insertion: Orbicularis Oris

Action: Compressing and flattening cheeks. Whistling, blowing, and sucking

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Zygomaticus Major and Zygomaticus Minor?

Origin: Zygomatic bone

Insertion: Angle of the mouth and upper lip

Action: Drawing corners of mouth up, smiling

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Masseter?

Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion: Ramus of the mandible

Action: Mastication, or chewing motion

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Temporalis?

Origin: Temporal bone

Insertion: Mandibular ramus and Coronoid process

Action: Mastication or chewing

What are the muscles required for Mastication, or elevation of the mandible?

Temporalis and Masseter

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Platysma?

Origin: Second rib

Insertion: Mandible

Action: Tenses the skin of the neck, and lowers the mandible

What muscle is the major head flexor?

Sternocleidomastoid

What muscles accomplish extension of the head?

Splenius capitis, semispinalis, and trapezius muscles

What muscles accomplish lateral movements of the head?

Sternocleidomastoid, and scalene muscles

What muscle is this?

Sternocleidomastoid

What muscle is this?

Splenius capitis

What muscle is this?

Semispinalis capitis

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Sternocleidomastoid?

Origin: Sternum and Clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid process of the Temporal bone

Action: Flexes and rotates the neck

What muscle is this?

Splenius cervicis

What two muscles are part of the Splenius?

Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Splenius?

Origin: Cervical vertebrae

Insertion: Mastoid process of the Temporal Bone, and Occipital bone

Action: Both of the muscles extend the neck, separately they rotate and laterally flex the neck to similar sides

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Semispinalis Capitis?

Origin: Processes of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Occipital bone

Action: Extends and rotates the head, bends the head on either side

What muscles are these?

The Scalenus

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Scalenus?

Origin: Cervical Vertebrae

Insertion: First two ribs

Action: Elevates ribs and flexes the neck

What is the function of the muscle group Erector Spinae?

Elevates and strengthens the spine, extends the back

What are the different muscles in the Erector Spinae?

Iliocostalis, spinalis, and longissimus

What muscle is this?

External oblique

What part of the muscle is this?

Tendinous inscription

What muscle is this?

Serratus anterior

What muscle is this?

Internal intercostal

What muscle is this?

External intercostal

What muscle is this?

Internal oblique

What is the function of the External Intercostal muscle?

Inspiration of air

What is the function of the Internal Intercostal muscle?

Expiration of air

What muscle is this?

Diaphragm

What muscles is the abdominal wall composed of?

Internal Oblique, External Oblique, Transversus Abdominus, and Rectus Abdominus

What muscle is this?

Rectus Abdominis

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Rectus Abdominus?

Origins: Pubic Crest and Pubic Symphysis

Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of the 5th - 7th ribs

Action: Flexes vertebral column

What muscle is this?

External Abdominal Oblique

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the External Abdominal Oblique?

Origin: Last 8 ribs

Insertion: Linea alba, pubic tubercles, and iliac crest

Action: Lateral flexion and trunk rotation

What muscle is this?

Internal Abdominal Oblique

What muscle is this?

Transverse Abdominus

What are insertion points of the Internal Abdominal Oblique?

Spermatic Cord and Testicles

What are origins of the Transverse Abdominus?

Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and cartilage of lowest 5 ribs

What muscle is this?

Trapezius

What muscle is this?

Levator scapulae

What muscle is this?

Rhomboid minor