ethilogical explanation

strength - supporting evidence

• genetic evidence is strong

• brunner et al and link between MAOA gene and aggression

• twin studies and adoption studies

  • suggests ethiological explanation is correct claming that agression is genetically determined.

limitation - same-species aggresssion is not always just ritualistic (Goodall)

• obserrved male chimps killing memebers of another community

• aggression was symtematic

• likking continued even when victims offered appreasement signals

• this did not inhibit aggression as suggested

• challenging the ethiological view that same species agression has evolved into self-limiting and relativelt harmless ritual

limitation - lorenz’s view on FAP is outdated (Hunt)

• argued that FAPS are influenced by environment and learning

• the FAPs vary in each situations

• FAPS are not fixed but modifiable

  • therefore patterns of behaviour of aggressive behaviour are much more flexible then lorenz thought especially in humans

limitation - born to be aggressive

• ecologicalists argue aggression is an innate instinct which implies that humans are inevitability agressice

• however other approaches suggest aggression is not inevitable, but under rational control and more afffected by learning and social norms

• therefore aggression have instinctive elements