lecture 4: Cell structure

genomics

focus on large sets of genetic information

proteomics

focus on large sets of proteins

bioinformatics

uses large tools to analyze large sets of proteins

cell fractionation

a cell column separating organelles

features of all cells

plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes

nuclear lamina

maintains the shape of the nucleus

Nuclear envelope

covers the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm

ribosomes

carries out proteins synthesis

components of endomembrane system

nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Vacuoles, Plasma Membrane

smooth ER

makes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, and stores calcium

The rough ER

distributes transport vesicles, membrane factory, glycoproteins

Golgi Apparatus

consists of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae

functions of the golgi apparatus

modifies ER, sorts materials into transport vesicles

PHAGOCYTOSIS

type of cell that can engulf other cells

LYSOSOMES

SWALLOWS AND SPITS

organelles that make their own proteins

mitochondria, chloroplasts, ad peroxisomes

peroxisomes

oxidative organelles that aid in metabolism

mitochondrial matrix

cytoskeleton 3 molecular structure

microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

motor proteins

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centrosome

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centrioles

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Intercellular junctions

how cells communicate through physical contact

types of intercellular junctions

plasmodesmata, tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions

gap junctions

communicates via cytoplasmic channels

tight junctions

fastens cells into strong sheets

tight junctions

cells are pressed together to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid

extracellular matrix components

collagen fibers, fibronectin, plasma membrane, integrins