APUSH terms 7 part 2

Henry Cabot Lodge

a powerful Republican senator and historian known for shaping American foreign policy, particularly his influential role in blocking U.S. entry into the League of Nations after World War I due to concerns about national sovereignty, while also championing naval expansion, imperialism, and restrictions on immigration

Alfred Thayer Mahan

a US naval officer and historian whose theories on sea power, detailed in The Influence of Sea Power upon History, argued that national greatness depended on controlling the seas through a powerful navy, strategic bases, and strong merchant shipping, influencing global naval arms races and U.S. expansionism

yellow journalism

journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration.

de Lome letter

a private, leaked correspondence from Spanish Ambassador Enrique Dupuy de Lôme to a colleague, heavily criticizing U.S. President William McKinley as "weak" and a "low politician

Remember the Maine

a 19th-century rallying cry during the Spanish-American War, referring to the 1898 explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor, which killed 268 sailors

Jones Act

a federal statute requiring that all goods transported by water between U.S. ports be carried on U.S.-flag ships, constructed in the U.S., owned by U.S. citizens, and crewed by U.S. citizens/permanent residents

Josiah Strong

advocated for social justice. He supported missionary work by Anglo-Saxon Christians in order to promote a Christian moral code in America.

Open Door Policy

encourages transparent communication by allowing employees to approach any level of management with feedback, concerns, or ideas, fostering trust and rapid problem resolution

Big Stick diplomacy

popularized by President Theodore Roosevelt, was a U.S. foreign policy (1899–1908) based on "speaking softly and carrying a big stick"—negotiating peacefully while threatening or using military strength (specifically the navy) to maintain stability, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean

Roosevelt Corollary

an addition to the Monroe Doctrine stating the U.S. would intervene in Latin American nations guilty of "chronic wrongdoing" or impotence. It asserted a right for the U.S. to act as an "international police power" to prevent European intervention

Platt Amendment

prohibited the Cuban Government from entering into any international treaty that would compromise Cuban independence or allow foreign powers to use the island for military purposes

Panama Canal

a 48-mile manmade waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, constructed by the U.S. (1904–1914) to facilitate maritime trade and naval mobility

Dollar diplomacy

President Taft's foreign policy to foster stability and economic power abroad by replacing military force with private capital, specifically by investing in Latin America and East Asia

Sedition Act (1918)

severely restricted free speech during World War I by making it a crime to willfully utter, print, write, or publish disloyal, profane, or abusive language about the U.S. government, Constitution, flag, or military

Zimmerman Telegram

a secret coded message from Germany to Mexico in January 1917, proposing a military alliance against the United States during World War I, offering Mexico the chance to reclaim Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona

American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

United States Armed Forces sent to Europe in 1917–1918 to fight in World War I, commanded by General John J. Pershing

liberty bonds

issued by the U.S. government between 1917 and 1919 to finance over two-thirds of the $30+ billion cost of World War I.

War industries

a government agency created during World War I to coordinate the production of war materials, manage resources, and set industry priorities.

great migration

the mass movement of approximately six million African Americans from the rural South to cities in the North, Midwest, and West between 1910 and 1970, driven by the desire to escape Jim Crow segregation, racial violence (like lynching), and lack of opportunity, while seeking better economic prospects, education, and freedom in the industrializing cities

committee on public information

a U.S. government agency created by President Wilson to influence public opinion, promote patriotism, and manage war-related information during World War I. Led by George Creel, it used massive propaganda, including "Four-Minute Men," posters, and film, to "sell" the war

league of nations

an intergovernmental organization founded on January 10, 1920, as a result of the Paris Peace Conference following World War I, with the primary mission of maintaining world peace, promoting international cooperation, and preventing future conflicts

treaty of Versailles

formally ended World War I between the Allied Powers and Germany