ASAHIKAWA, STUDENT DEBT

stakeholder

利害関係者, a person with an interest in a situation, interested party / constituent, Local ( ) were consulted before the decision.

trespass

不法侵入する, enter without permission, intrude / encroach, Tourists continued to ( ) onto farmland.

photogenic

写真映えする, visually attractive especially in photos, picturesque / camera-ready, The area became famous for its ( ).

trample

踏み荒らす, step heavily and cause damage, crush / stamp on, Tourists continued to ( ) the farmland.

piercing

耳に突き刺さるような, extremely sharp or loud, shrill / penetrating, The sound of whistles was ( ).

descend upon

押し寄せる, arrive in large numbers suddenly, swarm / flock, Busloads of visitors ( ) the town.

crippling

身体を動かせなくする、麻痺させる、深刻な影響で機能不全に陥らせる, so severe it prevents normal functioning, devastating / debilitating, Debt can be financially ( ) for graduates.

discharge

免除する, release from a legal obligation, clear / absolve, The court refused to ( ) the loan.

default

債務不履行, fail to meet financial obligations, delinquency / nonpayment, Millions ( ) on their loans each year.

proposal

提案, a formal plan or suggestion, plan / initiative, The government introduced a new ( ).

disproportionately

不均衡に, to an unequal degree, unequally / excessively, The policy ( ) affects low-income groups.

ramification

結果、波及効果。単なる「結果（result）」よりも複雑で、予期せぬ広がりや重大な影響を指す。一つの石を投げた時に広がる波紋のように、物事が連鎖的に他の事象へ影響を及ぼしていく様子を、多くの場合「望ましくない展開」への懸念とともに表現する。,
"A complex or unwelcome consequence of an action or event, especially when regarded as a discrete aspect of it.",Consequence / Implication / Aftermath,"The decision to increase the interest rates had far-reaching economic ( ) that few experts had predicted."

rectify

修正する、正す。単なる「直し（fix）」ではなく、誤りや不当な状況を、論理的・法的に「あるべき正しい状態に戻す」という、強い責任感と正確さを伴う行為。,"To put right something that is wrong or unfair; to correct a situation by making a necessary change.",Redress / Remedy / Ameliorate,"The management promised to ( ) the payroll errors as soon as the technical glitch was resolved."

burdensome

負担の重い、煩わしい。物理的な重さよりも、精神的な重圧、義務、あるいは「生活や進展を妨げるような面倒さ」を指す。逃れたくても逃れられない、重苦しい制約のニュアンス。,"Difficult to carry out or fulfill; taxing; causing a lot of hardship or distress.",Onerous / Cumbersome / Taxing,"Small business owners often complain that the new tax regulations are excessively ( ) and discourage growth."

forgiveness

許し、寛容。怒りや恨みを捨て去り、相手の過失を不問に付すこと。単なる「免除」ではなく、精神的な浄化や、断絶された関係を修復しようとする慈悲深いプロセスを指す。,"The action or process of forgiving or being forgiven; the intentional decision to let go of resentment.",Pardon / Absolution / Clemency,"In his final speech, the leader emphasized that true national healing could only begin with mutual ( )."

litigation

訴訟、紛争。法廷の場で行われる公的な争い。単なる「争い」よりも手続き的で、時間とコストを要する専門的な対立という響き。,"The process of taking legal action; the conduct of a lawsuit in a court of law.",Lawsuit / Prosecution / Judicial contest,"The pharmaceutical giant spent millions of dollars in prolonged ( ) to protect its patent rights."

precedent

前例、先例。将来の判断の基準となる、過去の決定や出来事。特に法的な文脈では、後の事案を拘束するほどの重みを持ち、社会のルールを形成する礎となる。,"An earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances.",Prototype / Criterion / Paradigm,"The Supreme Court's ruling on digital privacy set a powerful ( ) for all future technology-related cases."

overhaul

抜本的な見直し。古いシステムや機械を一度分解し、徹底的に修理・改善して「完全に刷新する」こと。部分的な修正ではなく、全体を作り変えるほどのダイナミックな変革。,"A thorough examination of machinery or a system, with any necessary repairs or changes made to its entirety.",Renovation / Reconfiguration / Restructuring,"The education minister proposed a complete ( ) of the national curriculum to better reflect the digital age."

contentious

論争を呼ぶ、異論の多い。意見が真っ向から対立し、激しい議論や不和を引き起こす性質。単に「難しい」のではなく、人々の感情を逆なでし、対立構造を浮き彫りにするような状況。,"Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial; involving heated disagreement.",Disputable / Polemical / Erastic,"The construction of the new dam remains a ( ) issue among the local villagers and environmentalists."

egalitarian

平等主義の, believing in equality, equalitarian / level, The system promotes an ( ) society.

redistribute

再分配する, distribute again differently, reallocate / reassign, The policy seeks to ( ) wealth.

collectivism

集産主義, prioritizing group over individual, communalism / socialism, The ideology emphasizes ( ).

authoritarian

権威主義的な, exercising strict control, autocratic / dictatorial, The regime became increasingly ( ).

invoke

発動する、呼び覚ます。法、権利、あるいは神聖な力を「公的に援用する」こと。また、心の奥にある記憶や感情を「呼び起こす」際にも使われ、言葉に力を宿らせるような厳かさがある。,"To cite or appeal to someone or something as an authority for an action or in support of an argument.",Appeal to / Summon / Conjure,"The president decided to ( ) emergency powers to deal with the escalating humanitarian crisis."

disparity

格差, a great difference, inequality / gap, Economic ( ) widened over time.

unfettered

足枷のない、自由な。制約や規則、物理的な鎖から完全に解き放たれ、本来の力を存分に発揮できる状態。しばしば「市場」や「想像力」などの抽象的な対象に使われ、無限の可能性を暗示する。,"Not confined or restricted; released from chains or restraints.",Unrestrained / Unshackled / Liberated,"Innovation thrives best in an environment of ( ) intellectual exchange and creative freedom."

entitlement

受給権、権利意識。自分が何かを得るのが「当然である」という法的な権利。転じて、努力なしに特別な待遇を期待する「傲慢な特権意識」という批判的な皮肉として使われることも多い。,"The fact of having a right to something; the belief that one is inherently deserving of privileges or special treatment.",Prerogative / Claim / Due,"The reform aimed to reduce the sense of ( ) among high-ranking officials who had long enjoyed tax exemptions."

polarize

二極化させる, divide into opposing camps, divide / split, The issue continues to ( ) voters.