Extrinsic Control of the Heart

These flashcards cover key concepts of extrinsic control of the heart, focusing on the nervous and endocrine systems, cardiac output calculations, and the roles of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors.

What systems are involved in the extrinsic control of cardiac output?

The nervous system and endocrine system.

What is cardiac output (CO)?

The volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle every minute.

How is cardiac output calculated?

Cardiac output (CO) equals heart rate (HR) times stroke volume (SV).

If a heart has a rate of 75 bpm and stroke volume of 70 ml, what is the cardiac output?

5250 ml or 5.25 litres.

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system that control cardiac output?

The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

What effect does the sympathetic system have on cardiac output?

It boosts cardiac output.

What does the parasympathetic system do to cardiac output?

It reduces cardiac output.

Where in the brain are the cardiovascular centers located that control autonomic system activity?

In the medulla oblongata of the brainstem.

What do baroreceptors detect?

Changes in blood pressure.

What do chemoreceptors monitor?

Changes in blood chemistry, such as CO2, O2, and pH.

What are the two types of chemoreceptors and their locations?

Aortic bodies (near aortic baroreceptors) and carotid bodies (near carotid baroreceptors).