Voice & Resonance Disorders Flashcards

Study guide & anatomy information

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing

Sternum

Contains three processes to serve as attachments for the respiratory muscles & diaphragm

Bronchioles

The smallest branches of the respiratory tree

Pleural

Occurs when a space is disrupted

Cricothyroid muscle

The primary intrinsic muscle that controls vocal fold length

Varix

Superficial, prominent vein that is enlarged and dilated

Ectasias

Distinguished by coalescent hemangiomatous

Occupationally related voice disorders

Voice problems that occur as a result of vocal demands in the workplace

The nerve primarily responsible for vocal fold abduction and adduction

The Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN)

Two vocal symptoms associated with presbylaryngis

Reduced vocal loudness (reduced intensity), rough vocal quality, and altered pitch

Vocal cyst

A benign, mucus-filled lesion surrounded by a membrane on the vocal fold surface, caused by phonotrauma, glandular blockage, or congenital factors.

Papilloma

A rapidly recurring lesion in infants, posing airway threats, potentially needing repeated surgeries, and causing symptoms like dyspnea, stridor, and rough vocal quality.

Two perceptual signs and symptoms that can be seen with a laryngeal web

Reduced mucosal wave, increase vocal fold stiffness

Reinke’s edema

When the entire membranous portion of the vocal folds becomes filled with fluid

Three approaches to organize and classify etiology of voice disorders

Functional, organic, neurologic

5 D's for determining a diagnosis

Determine the cause, severity, clinical course, predicted and actual treatment response.

Otolaryngologist

Specializes in care of the larynx related to voice production, breathing and swallowing

Voice characteristics that a person with Parkinson's disease might present with

Decreased vocal intensity and reduced loudness ranges, decreased vocal pitch range as well as vocal tremor

Three causes of Contact ulcers and granulomas

Laryngopharyngeal reflux irritation intubation trauma phonotrauma

Important criteria in the selection of any instrument used to evaluate voice

Reliable, Valid

Essential voice tremor

A hyperkinetic voice disorder marked by rhythmic pitch changes during vowel prolongation.

Glottal closure

The degree to which the vocal folds close during maximum adduction during phonation

Vocal fold edge appearance

The smoothness of the vocal fold edges

Mucosal wave

The assessment of the degree of traveling wave that is present on the superior surface of rhetorical vocal fold during phonation

Periodicity

Regularity of successive cycles of vibration during phonation

Vocal fold mobility

The degree of vocal fold movement during phonation

Two aerodynamic parameters used to define vocal functioning

Average airflow and estimated sub glottal pressure

Spectrogram

A visual representation of the speech acoustic signal

High-risk performer

A vocal performer who works in major theme parks

Artificial larynx

A device used to produce speech using vibrations when placed against the neck

TEP procedure for a patient with a laryngectomy

Surgically creating a small puncture through the posterior tracheal wall into the esophagus

Stoma

A surgically created opening in the neck which allows for breathing

Voice disorder that adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) can be confused with

Muscle tension dysphonia

Tool is recommended to help the clinician understand the performer’s perception of their singing difficulties

Singer's Voice Handicap

Hemilaryngectomy

Procedure that involves removal of one vertical half of the larynx including one false vocal fold, ventricle, true vocal fold, and portion of the thyroid cartilage on the involved side

Stands for: T,N,M in cancer staging

Tumor; N node/nodal disease; M metastasis

Three common symptoms that singers may report

Vocal fatigue, vocal effort, vocal demand response

Tracheoesophageal speech

Tracheoesophageal speech is a method of laryngeal communication used after a total laryngectomy

Thyroid lamina

Broad, flat plates of cartilages; place for other muscular attachments to the thyroid cartilage.

Superior cornu

Attaches to the hyoid bone via ligaments.

Inferior cornu

Helps connect the thyroid to the cricoid cartilage.

Thyroid prominence

A prominent feature of the thyroid cartilage.

Inferior cornu

Connects the thyroid to the cricoid cartilage.

Transverse arytenoid muscle

A muscle involved in vocal cord adduction.

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

A muscle involved in vocal cord abduction.

Inlet of the larynx

Opening to the larynx.

Epiglottis

Leaf-shaped cartilage in the larynx.

Cornua of thyroid cartilage

Points/horns of the thyroid cartilage.

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Muscle that abducts the vocal cords.

Cricoid cartilage

Cartilage forming the base of the larynx.

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Muscle involved in vocal cord adduction; decreases length.

Thyromuscularis

A muscle involved in vocal cord adduction; decrease in length.

Vocal ligament

Ligament that contributes to the vocal cords.

Arytenoid cartilage

Cartilage that articulates with the cricoid cartilage.