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Fact witnesses
provide relevant evidence about direct experiences
expert witnesses
aid in understanding particular issue relevant to case
5 rules of expert testimony
expertise, area of expertise, factual basis, common knowledge, ultimate issue
Frye vs United States 1923
Frye charged with murder, wanted to use lie detector test but court held it lacked scientific recognition despite accepting other unvalidated measures like hair analysis
Mental health act 2016
improve and maintain health of mentally ill people, divert from CJS, protect community, reassessed every 6 months
Declaring insanity
legal, not clinical decision
forensic order for criminal treatment
Fitness to stand trial
can be temporary or permanent
diminished responsibility
substantial impairment by abnormality of mind - more flexibility for mentally impaired offenders