Anatomy Lecture Review Flashcards

Flashcards generated from lecture notes for exam review.

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Ophthalmic veins, frontal, nasociliary, and lacrimal nerves, trochlear nerve (CN IV), abducens nerve (CN VI), and sympathetic fibers.

What is the main superficial vein for blood drainage in the face?

Facial vein.

What type of neurons are in the autonomics of the head?

Preganglionic and postganglionic neurons.

What is the source of tears?

Lacrimal gland.

How do malignant tumors behave in the pharynx?

Invade surrounding structures (soft palate, tongue, tonsil) and spread via lymphatics, affecting speech and swallowing (CN 9, 10, 12).

What does a supraclavicular block anesthetize?

Brachial plexus.

What is the origin of the bones of the calvaria?

Neural crest cells of mesoderm through intramembranous ossification.

What is innervated by Arch 1?

Trigeminal V3: muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, sphenomandibular ligament.

What is innervated by Arch 2?

Facial nerve: muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius, stylohyoid ligament

What is innervated by Arch 3?

Glossopharyngeal nerve: stylopharyngeus, lower horn of hyoid, great horn of hyoid.

What is innervated by Arch 4?

Vagus nerve (superior laryngeal branch): cricothyroid.

What is innervated by Arch 6?

Vagus nerve (recurrent laryngeal branch): intrinsic laryngeal muscles, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage.

What is used to visualize the parotid duct?

Sialography.

Where do the nerves of the orbit begin?

Lamina cribrosa of sclera optic nerve.

What does lesion to oculomotor nerve lead to?

Raise eyelid and rotate eye tonstriction Pupil.

What is cephalohematoma?

Bleeding between pericranium and calvaria from birth.

What is the venous drainage for the nasal region?

Facial or pterygoid plexus.

What is epistaxis?

Nose bleed due to blow to cribiform plate of ethmoid.

Where is the apex of parotid gland located?

Posterior to the angle of the mandible.

What is the nerve supply of the urethra?

Prostatic plexus.

Why is the prostatic urethra less susceptible to infection?

Due to distance.

What commonly happens to the scaphoid bone?

Most common fracture from fall on flat hands.

What are the effects of hamate traction?

Ulnar nerve may be injured, leading to low grip strength.

What is a dental implant?

Peg in alveolar bone of mandible.

What is the intervillous space lined by?

Syncytiotrophoblasts.

What happens in the intervillous space?

Exchange of O2, nutrients, and waste.

What happens in spondylosis?

Fracture of intercalculated parts of vertebrae.

What are the ligaments of the uterus?

Suspensory, cardinal, uterosacral, mesometrium, round.

What injuries are related to fracture of humerus?

Injury to axillary nerve or radial nerve.

What injuries are related to supercondylar elbow fracture?

Median nerve.

What is the location of injury in Erb's palsy?

C5, C6 of brachial plexus.

What is the location of injury in Klumpke's palsy?

C8, T1 of brachial plexus.

What are the superficial veins of the upper limb?

Cephalic, basilic, and median cubital.

What blocks are used for childbirth?

Pudendal nerve block.

What provides autonomics to the Greater Splanchnic nerves?

Sympathetic nerves T5-T9.

What are the spinal levels for C6 dermatome?

Thumb.

What are the spinal levels for T4 dermatome?

Nipple.

What are the spinal levels for C7 dermatome?

Middle finger.

What are the spinal levels for T10 dermatome?

Umbilical.

What are the spinal levels for L4 dermatome?

Knee tap.

What are the spinal levels for S2-S4 dermatome?

Perineum.

What are the spinal levels for S1 dermatome?

Knee cap.

How does the Appendix receive blood?

SMA branches.

What is derived from paraxial mesoderm?

Some skeletal muscle.

What is derived from intermediate mesoderm?

Kidney, lower urinary, reproduction, gonad.

What is derived from somatic mesoderm?

Limb, body wall, connective tissue of limb.

What is derived from splanchnic mesoderm?

Heart, blood vessels, gut wall, respiratory wall.

What is caput medusae?

Severe varicose veins of anterior abdominal wall, canal tributaries anastomose, the para-umbilical veins become varicose.

What structures are found in the mediastinum?

Thymus, vagus, phrenic nerve, thoracic duct, aorta, trachea, bronchi.

What are the borders of the Triangle of auscultation?

Medial trapezius, lateral border of scapula, superior border of latissimus dorsi.

Muscle Action of Tensor carpi ulnaris?

Flexes and adducts hand (at wrist).

Muscle Action of coracobrachialis

Helps flex and adduct arm; resists dislocation of shoulder

Action of Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexes and adducts hand (at wrist)