A form of energy that causes a rise in temperature when added or a fall in temperature when withdrawn, unit: joules (J)
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Temperature
A measure of the hotness or coldness of any object
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A thermometric property
A physical property that changes measurably and repeatedly with temperature change
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Heat capacity (C)
The amount of heat energy needed to change the temperature of a substance by 1 kelvin, unit: JK⁻¹
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Specific heat capacity (c)
The amount of heat energy needed to change 1kg of a substance by 1 kelvin, unit: Jkg⁻¹K⁻¹
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Latent heat (L)
The amount of heat energy needed to change the state of a substance without a change in temperature, unit: J
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Specific latent heat (l)
The amount of heat energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance without a change in temperature, unit: Jkg⁻¹
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Specific latent heat of vaporisation
The amount of heat energy needed to change 1kg of a substance from liquid to gas without a change in temperature
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Vapour change
The change from gas to liquid (specific latent heat of vaporisation emitted)
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Specific latent heat of fusion
The amount of heat energy needed to change 1kg of the substance from solid to liquid without a change in temperature
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Fusion change
The change from liquid to solid (specific latent heat of fusion emitted)
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Conduction
The transfer of heat energy in a solid by passing on kinetic energy from molecule to molecule
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Convection
The transfer of heat energy by the circulation of the heated parts of a liquid or gas
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Radiation
The transfer of heat energy as electromagnetic (EM) waves without the need for a medium
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Solar constant (Solar irradiance)
The amount of solar energy striking 1m² of the Earth's atmosphere every second, unit: Wm⁻²
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U-value
The amount of heat energy that can be transmitted across 1m² of a material's surface every second, so long as there is a temperature difference of 1K on each side of the material, unit: Wm⁻²K⁻¹
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