Unit 4 - Bones

name the bone

name the bone

ulna

identify bone c

lacrimal

identify this bone

maxilla

what is represented by bone 4

temporal bone

outer covering of the bone that covers diaphysis and is a location where muscles attach

periosteum

Where are blood cells made?

red bone marrow

what is this pelvic bone

ilium

the hardest, most dense part of bone tissue is the

compact bone

lateral, proximal femur

greater trochanter

what bone is this

frontal bone

what bone is this

parietal

identify bone a

sphenoid

give an example of a flat bone

frontal bone

name the bone

clavicle

identify the bone

sacrum

what is this section of the hand

metacarpals

what type of bone is the femur

long bone

the primary mineral stored by compact bone is

calcium

name these bones

phalanges

identify bone e

vomer

what is this bone

Calcaneus

the shaft of the bone is also called the

diaphysis

the ends of the bone are referred to as

epiphysis

what is the bone indicated by 2

parietal bone

what is filled with yellow bone marrow

medullary cavity

distal tibia

medial malleolus

proximal ulna, elbow

olecranon process

what is represented

carpals

identify bone a

ethmoid

bone indicated by 1

occipital bone

bone indicated by 3

frontal bone

name this bone

humerus

identify bone b

sphenoid

what is the smallest bone in the skull

lacrimal

what is represented by the pink areas

appendicular skeleton

what are the functions of the skeleton

movement, protection, blood cell production

what is this bone

nasal

medial, proximal femur

lesser trochanter

name this bone

scapula

what are these bones

metatarsals

If cartilage remains in this "specific" area, then growth is still occurring; it is located at the end of long bone

Epipyseal plate

Covering on the end of the bones as represented in structure D. Also on the end of B. Provides protection

articular cartilage

identify the bone

radius

what is 4

humeral head

what is 10

medial epicondyle

what is f

olecranon process

what is a

head of radius

what is 7

deltoid tuberosity

what is m

styloid process of ulna

what is h

coronoid process

what is 13

olecranon fossa

what is 1

greater tubercle

what is g

trochlear notch

no true osteons, made of trabeculae (filled w/ red bone marrow), arranged to resist stress from many directions, made of lamellae columns to support the bone

spongy bone

external layer of all bones, strong attachment sites for tendons and ligaments

compact bone

how do bones increase in length

happens at growth/epiphyseal plate, cartilage constantly grows and is replaced by bone

bone being reabsorbed by osteoclasts and new bone being developed by osteoclasts

bone remodeling

when a bone grows/remodels in response to the forces or demands placed on it

Wolff’s Law

bone is in 3 or more pieces, most common in eldery

comminuted fracture

a type of incomplete fracture where one side breaks and the other bends, most common in children

greenstick fracture

distal end of radius is fractured

Colles’ fracture

one part of bone is crushed into another

impacted fracture

epiphyseal line is damaged or diaphysis and epiphysis break apart

epiphyseal fracture

an incomplete fracture caused by repeated stress to a weight bearing bone

stress fracture

steps in bone repair

1. fracture hematoma is formed

2. fibrocartialgous callus formation

3. bony callus formation

4. bone remodelling

the detailed study of the structure of bones, skeletal elements, teeth, morphology, function, disease, and pathology

osteology

shaft of long bone that contains yellow bone marrow

diaphysis

ends of long bones that grow separately from the shaft

epiphysis

growth plate

epiphysial line

lines the ends of bones and protects from injury

articular cartilage

attachment site for tendons and ligaments

periosteum

supplies bone w/ osteoblasts

vascular connective tissue

houses bone marrow as a cavity in the diaphysis

medullary cavity

lines the medullary cavity and supplies cells for bone remodelling

endosteum

found in periosteum and bone surface, capable of mitosis

osteogenic cells

cells that build bone and are found at the margins/edges of bone

osteoblasts

cells that break down old/damaged bone and are multinucleated

osteoclasts

mature bone cells that can’t undergo mitosis and are found in the lacunae

osteocytes

what is the ratio of bone

80% compact and 20% spongy

side by side to compose compact bone

osteon

gap in osteon that runs parallel and houses blood vessels

central canal

runs perpendicular and houses blood vessels/nerve endings

perforating canal

small gaps for osteocytes to be stored

lacunae

ducts that connect osteocytes

canaliculus

arranged in concentric circle units

Haversian sytems

formation of bone on top of connective tissue base

ossification/osteogenesis

bone reabsorption is outpacing bone deposits

osteoporosis

in an adult population, caused by vitamin D deficiency, legs begin to bow out

osteomalacia

in children, caused by vitamin D deficiency, legs bow out w/ skull deformities

rickets