Bridge Building Project Vocabulary

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39 Terms

1

Abutment

the outermost end supports on a bridge, which carry the load from the deck

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2

Anchorage

a secure fixing, usually made of reinforced concrete to which the cables are fastened

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3

Arch Bridge

a curved structure that converts the downward force of its own weight, and of any weight pressing down on top of it, into an outward force along its sides and base

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4

Beam

a rigid, usually horizontal, structural element

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5

Beam Bridge

a simple type of bridge, composed of horizontal beams supported by vertical posts

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6

Bedrock

the solid rock layer beneath sand or silt

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7

Brittle

characteristic of a material that fails without warning; do not stretch or shorten before failing

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8

Buckle

to bend under compression

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9

Cable

a structural element formed from steel wire bound in strands; the suspending element in a bridge; the supporting element in some dome roofs

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10

Cable-Stayed Bridge

a bridge in which the roadway deck is suspended from cables anchored to one or more towers

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11

Caisson

a watertight, dry chamber in which people can work underwater

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12

Caisson Disease

an affliction developed by people moving in and out of caissons quickly; also called the bends and decompression sickness

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13

Cantilever

a projecting structure supported only at one end, like a shelf bracket or a diving board

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14

Cast Iron

a brittle alloy with high carbon content; iron that has been melted, then poured into a form and cooled; can be made into any shape

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15

Compression

a pressing force that squeezes a material together

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16

Concrete

a mixture of water, sand, small stones, and a gray powder called cement

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17

Continuous Span Beam Bridge

simple bridge made by linking one beam bridge to another; some of the longest bridges in the world are these

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18

Dead Load

a structure’s own weight

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19

Deck

supported roadway on a bridge

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20

Dynamic Equilibrium

a state where the object is in equilibrium and in motion

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21

First Condition for Equilibrium

the sum of all forces is zero

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22

Girder

a large beam, usually steel or concrete

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23

Iron

a chemical element; one of the cheapest and most used metals

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24

Live Load

the weight of traffic passing over the bridge

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25

Load

weight distribution throughout a structure

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26

Mechanical Equilibrium

a state wherein no physical changes occur

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27

Pressure

a force applied or distributed per a unit area

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28

Reinforced Concrete

concrete with steel bars or mesh embedded in it for increased strength in tension

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29

Second Condition for Equilibrium

the sum of all torques is zero

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30

Shear

a force that causes parts of a material to slide past one another in opposite directions

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31

Static Equilibrium

a state where the object is in equilibrium and at rest

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32

Steel

an alloy of iron and carbon that is hard, strong, and malleable

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33

Suspension Bridge

a bridge in which the roadway deck is suspended from cables that pass over two towers; the cables are anchored in housings at either end of the bridge

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34

Tensile Strength

the ability of a material to withstand tension

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35

Tension

a stretching force that pulls on a material

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36

Torsion

an action that twists a material

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37

Truss

a rigid frame composed of short, straight pieces joined to form a series of triangles or other stable shapes

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38

Tuned Mass Damper

a mechanical counterweight designed to reduce the effects of motion, such as subduing a bridge deck’s tendency to vibrate

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39

Wrought Iron

an iron alloy that is less brittle than cast iron

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