HIST 1302 TEST #2

What was the Balkan Peninsula like prior to WWI

It was controlled by the Ottoman Empire; wasn't very populated or full of resources, it just had a good location between three empires

What was the name of the German Plan for WWI? What was the Plan? Who changed it and Why?

Schlieffen Plan- Germany wanted to take out France first with a quick fatal blow and then deal with "the slow Russian giant at leisure." General Von Moltke changed it because he was being more cautious. Russia sent troops to the east front way sooner than they thought possible, so Moltke took troops out of Belgium to handle that.

What neutral country did Germany invade at the outset of WWI and what was the significance?

Belgium- This caused England to join the war. Both countries signed a treaty that Belgium was neutral. Germany ignored England's ultimatum when they invaded Belgium

Who was U.S. Secretary of State under Wilson who opposed war?

William Jennings Bryan

By what treaty did Russia withdraw from WWI and what were the results?

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- it was such a harsh treaty that it caused the Allies to come up with Fourteen Points- a "list of rules" for treaties

Who was the Senate chairman of the Foreign relations committee who opposed the Treaty of Versailles?

William Borah

What famous telegram is going to infuriate U.S. public opinion against Germany and why?

Zimmermann Telegram- Germany suggested that Mexico attack the US and gain back the territories they lost in the Mexican War. They knew the US didn't have an army and didn't think they could create one in time

What was the significance of the Lusitania?

Lusitania was a passenger cruiser that Germany sunk without warning, killing a thousand people. Wilson sent a sharp note of protest to Germany saying that if they didn't stop, the US would have to join the war

New weapons in WWI

Mustard Gas, Tanks, Planes, Zeppelin, Submarines

Who was the famous French hero who led the defense of Verdon?

Marshall Henri Petain

Austro-Hungarian Empire

Emperor Francis Joseph

British Empire

King George V

German Empire

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Russian Empire

Czar Nicholas II

Who were the Big Four at the end of the war and at the Versailles conference?

The United States, England, France, and Italy

Who was our minister to Spain prior to Spanish American War?

Dupuy DeLome

What was the significance of the Panamanian Revolution, who led it and how did the U.S. insure it would be successful?

It allowed Panama to break free from Columbia, who refused to give us rights to the canal area. Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla led it. We helped Panama break free, and they in return leased the canal to the US

What happened to the Battleship Maine and what was its significance? Why did it blow up?

Yellow journalism caused everyone to believe that Spain blew up the ship, when in reality, the explosion was caused by a mistake of the crew. This was a precipitating incident for the war

What was the Ballinger-Pinchot controversy and significance?

Teddy Roosevelt and Pinchot disapporved of how Ballinger and President Taft dealt with Alaskan Coal Fields, saying it was corrupt and not conservative of resources. The Collier published an article that "reiterated" this, Pinchot got fired, and it create a split in the Republican party

What was the significance of the Filipino Rebellion? Who led it? Why did it end?

It showed that they did not want to be annexed. Treaty is passed anyways and the uprising grows far worse. Conflict ends, Philippines are still annexed, but they are later granted independence. Led by Emilio Aguinaldo

Why did Columbia reject the Panama Canal Treaty?

They wanted more money

How much progressive legislation passed during Taft's administration?

Mann-Elkin's Act, 17th Amendment, Department if Labor, Postal Saving's Bank, and Federal Children's Bureau

What were the Insular cases?

Supreme Court decision that Puerto Ricans and Filipinos were subject to American rules, but not American rights until Congress granted them citizenship

What was the Jones Act of 1917?

Puerto Ricans were made citizens of the US, Executive Council becomes an elected Senate, the government was still apointed

What was the Hay-Paunceforte Treaty?

a treaty signed by the United States and the United Kingdom as a preliminary to the creation of the Panama Canal. The Treaty nullified the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850 and gave the United States the right to create and control a canal

Walter Reed and William C. Gorgas

They proved that yellow fever was carried by mosquitoes. two other doctors died trying to prove this

George W. Goethals

Directed construction of Panama Canal

What was the significance of the de Lome letter?

The Spanish Minister criticized McKinley. Even though the Americans didn't really like McKinley, this letter made them support him and war with Cuba

What was the problem Roosevelt confronted in the Caribbean?

He had to get rights to the canal from Columbia, which was controlled b Britain

What was the results of the Venezuela Border Boundary dispute?

Venezuela and BRITISH GUIANA had been feuding over their boundary. Gold was discovered in the disputed region. U.S. offered to arbitrate the dispute, Britain refused. Cleveland and Olney issued a threat to forcefully settle the dispute (we had population of 70 million). Britain involved in the Boer War accepted (also Canada would be vulnerable, Britain afraid of Germany etc...) - result of arbitration was British received most of the territory 1899

What were the major blunders that Taft made with the Progressives?

Payne-Aldrich Tariff, Uncle Joe Cannon Affair, Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy

What was the Open Door Policy? Who was its author?

John Hay wanted nations to make no discrimination in trading port dues and railroad rates and to allow the Chinese tariff to continue. The nations ignored it, but Hays bodly announced that they all agreed, which they then did out of fear of major war

What was the Boxer Rebellion? Results?

The Boxer group attacked Beijing killing Chinese Christians. 8 countries sent in troops to rescue them. China agreed to pay $333 million. Weakened the dynasty which lead to China becoming a republic

What was the Roosevelt corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and why?

The principle was that since the Monroe Doctrine prohibited intervention in the region by Europe, the US was justified in intervening first to forestall involvement by outsiders

What territories does the U.S. receive after the Spanish American War?

Guam, Philippines, and Puerto Rico

What was the Anti-Imperialist League?

Anti-Imperialist didn't want expansion overseas (Phillipines); believed U.S. shouldn't deny others the right to govern themselves

General Rufus William Shafter

US Army in SA War. Weighed 300 lbs. Old Indian fighter

San Juan Hill

Gatling guns cover the creeping advance up the hill. Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders advance, 10th Calvary (black unit) arrive

What was Teddy Roosevelt like?

incomparable work ethic to other areas of his life. He was a voracious reader, prolific writer, and consummate academic

What were the results of Teddy's intervention in the Russo-Japanese War?

Treaty of Portsmouth- the concessions all went to the Japanese, Russia acknowledged Japan's "predominant political, military and economic interests in Korea" , and both powers agreed to evacuate Manchuria

What country had the greatest losses in WWI?

Russia suffered most causalties

Battle of Jutland

Naval battle between british and the Germans, British victory as a result British will implement a naval blockade against Germany. Germans initiate submarine warfare because of blockade

Who was leader of the Provisional Government in Russia after the fall of the Czar?

Kerenski

Who was the Mad Monk of Russia?

Rasputin

Who was V. I. Lenin?

Led the Bolsheviks in Russia

What a caused the U.S. to break diplomatic relations with Germany prior to declaring war in WWI?

Germany sinking England ship without giving them warning, due to submarine warfare

First time mustard gas was used

Used by Germany in the Second Battle of Ypres

First time tanks were used

Used by British in Battle of Flers-Courcelette

What was the chronology of the countries declaring War in WWI?

Austria-Hungary > Germany > France > UK > Japan > Italy > Bulgaria > USA > Greece >

What was the chronology of the countries declaring War in WWI?

Austria v Serbia

b.Germany v Russia

c.Germany v France

d.GB v Germany

e. Italy enters as allies

f.Rumanie enters as allies

g.Turkey joines central powers