Landmark Cases Test Review

Marbury v Madison

establishes judicial review

judicial review

power of supreme court to interpret laws

Plessy v Ferguson

establishes separate but equal→ leads to segregation

Brown v Board of Education

over turns Plessy v Ferguson→ separate but equal is unequal

Mapp v Ohio

4th amendment issue

exclusionary rule

evidence gained by illegal search cannot be used determined by Mapp v Ohio

Miranda v Arizona

establishes Miranda Rights'; right to remain silent, right to a lawyer etc when arrested

Gideon v Wainwright

6th and 14th amendment → everyone has a right to a lawyer

Escobedo v Illinois

asked for lawyer and did not get one in the room → right to a lawyer as soon as you are arrested

Schenk v US

in times of war rights can be limited if government sees you as a clear and present danger→ leads to Patriot Act→ 1st amendment issue

Roe v Wade

right to privacy→ women have the right to an abortion for up to 27 weeks

Planned Parenthood v Casey

undue burden when discussing abortion→ substantial obstacle interfering with women’s rights to have an abortion

Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization

overturns Roe v Wade - each state decides abortion now

Furman v Georgia

court rules that 14th amendment was violated; 8th amendment not violated

Is Illinois a death penalty state?

no

which part of the country has the highest death penalty rate?

South

What are two reasons why Illinois stopped using the death penalty?

forced confessions, racial discrimination, unreliable testimony, bad lawyers,

What are two types of crimes that qualify for death penalty automatically?

murder of 2 or more people, murder of child under 12, murder of adult over 60, contract murder

what are the similarities and differences between the Supreme Court and county courts?

Supreme Court: 9 justices, defendant not required, no witnesses, time limit, involves amendments

County Court: 1 judge and a jury, witnesses, defendant present, no time limit,

Sheppard v Ohio

6th and 1st amendment →limits freedom of press during trial

Roe v Wade

right to privacy

Does it cost more to put someone to death rather than keep them alive?

yes