basics of tissue injuries (chap. 4)-sports med p2

involve ligament tissue, ligaments connect bone and bone

sprains

a ligament/muscle has been overstretched

grade 1 severity

a ligament/muscle has been partially torn

grade 11 severity

a ligament/muscle has been completely ruptured (most of time need surgery

grade 111 severity

involves muscle or tendon tissue, tendons attach bone to muscle

strains

open wound made by a cutting object (scapal)

incision

result from scraping off one or several layers of skin

abrasion

closed wound that bleeds under the surface of skin (bruise)

contusion

a jagged, irregular, open wound

laceration

a partial tearing away of a body part

avulsion wound

wound in which a body part is completely cut away from body

amputation

when a pointed object is driven deep into the tissue

puncture

occurs on opposite side of initial injury and most commonly occurs in brain (whiplash)

contrecoup

acute inflamatory

stage 1 of healing

repair

stage 11 of healing

remodeling

stage 111 of healing

occurs when a significant force displaces a bone from joint

dislocations

named according to type of impact and how the failure of the bone occurs, splint or cast for 6-8 weeks

fractures

ligament/tendon pulls so hard at its bony attachment that a portion of the bone is torn away

avulsion fracture

happens in bone that has been subjected to a repetitive stress, persistent sore spot over bone

stress

torsional force along the length of a bone, looks like stripe on a candy cane

spiral

runs length of bone, usually caused by an impact

longitudinal

occurs when opposing forces are applied to bone from both ends at same time, often occurred in the spine

compression

diagonal line across bone (similar to spiral)

oblique

when a bone is crushed into smaller pieces

comminuted

adolescents' and children bone soft, bend and fracture only part way through

greenstick

travels across bone, perpendicular to bone

transverse

usually occurs from a direct impact to skull, which naturally rounded, indents

depressed

eye is pushed hard backward and down into eye socket

blowout

a disease process like a bone tumor can weaken bones so that a little stress will cause a fracture (eating disorders common)

pathological

area of bone where bone growth occurs

epiphyseal

fracture in which there is an open wound or break in skin near site of broken bone

open fracture