Orgo 1: Unit 1 Lewis Structures

all atoms want to closed shell because

it is stable

how many bonds can hydrogen make?

only 1 bond

octet rule #1

nonmetals want 8ve

octet rule #2

2nd row element NEVER exceed 8ve

lower rows might break this rule

why can lower rows have more than 8 ve?

the valence shell is n=3 (so it can “borrow” d-orbital, is had the 3d orbital to use

CARBON DOES NOT DO THIS

first step of basic lewis structures

count the total valence electrons in a formula

step 2 of basic lewis structures

make the skeleton, usually less electronegative atom in the center

electronegativity

step 3 basic lewis structures

use remaining electrons to fills octets, start with the outer elements first

step 4 basic Lewis structures

close remaining shells with double or triple bonds

alternate Lewis structure method

1. start with Lewis structure of atoms

2. make skeleton

3. form double and triple bonds as necessary