on surveillance of threat detection
Early contributions by the informatics community focused __________________
194 and 6
The World Health Organization took on the challenge of increased global coordination and response, working with _____ Member States, across ___ regions, and from more than 150 offices
(CFR)
Case Fatality Rate
Case Fatality Rate (CFR)
percent of deaths from the total number of people who are identified as infected with the disease
R0 (pronounced R- naught)
is the number of people on average, the infected person will in turn infect.
17%
Chu et al. (2020) determined an approximate probability of infection, when exposed at close proximity for a considerable period of time to be approximately ___ when not wearing a mask
local and state responders
Most disasters and emergencies are handled by_________
when the consequences of a disaster exceed local and state capabilities.
When does the federal governments provides supplemental assistance?
Under the Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5
(HSPD5)
the Secretary of Homeland Security
as the principal federal official for domestic incident management, coordinates federal actions within the United States to prepare for, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies.
(1) a federal department or agency acting under its own authority has requested the assistance of the Secretary;
(2) the resources of state and local authorities are overwhelmed and federal assistance has been requested by the appropriate state and local authorities;
(3) more than one federal department or agency has become substantially involved in responding to the incident; or
(4) the Secretary has been directed to assume responsibility for managing the domestic incident by the President.
Coordination occurs if and when any one of the following four conditions applies:
Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS)
Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
to lead all federal public health and medical response to public health emergencies (Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 2010)
National Response Plan
guiding principles that detail how federal, state, local, tribal, and private sector partners, including the healthcare sector, prepare for and provide a unified domestic response, improving coordination and integration.
planning, organizing, training, equipping, exercising, and applying lessons learned and assigned lead federal agencies to each of 15 Emergency Support Functions (ESF)
The framework emphasized preparedness activities that included
Transportation
Communications
Public Works and Engineering
Firefighting
Information and Planning
Mass Care, Emergency Assistance, Housing, and Human Services
Logistics Management and Resource Support
Public Health and Medical Services
Search and Rescue
Oil and Hazardous Materials Response
Agriculture and Natural Resources
Energy
Public Safety and Security
Cross-Sector Business and Infrastructure
External Affairs
ESF 1 ; ESF 2 ; ESF 3 - 15
ESF #1 Transportation
Transportation modes management and control
Transportation safety
Stabilization and reestablishment of transportation infrastructure
Movement restrictions
Damage and impact assessment
ESF #1 Transportation
EXAMPLE ACTION Coordinate the opening of roads and manage aviation airspace for access to health and medical facilities
ESF #2 Communications
Coordination with telecommunications and information technology infrastructures industries
Coordination of the reestablishment and provision of critical communications infrastructure
Oversight of communications within the federal response structures
Provide and enable contingency communications required at health and medical facilities
ESF 2 Communications EXAMPLE ACTION
ESF #3 Public works and engineering
⢠Infrastructure protection and emergency repair ⢠Infrastructure protection and emergency repair ⢠Critical infrastructure reestablishment ⢠Engineering services and construction management ⢠Emergency contracting support for life-saving and life-sustaining services
ESF #3 Public works and engineering
EXAMPLE ACTION Install generators and provide other temporary emergency power sources for health and medical facilities.
ESF #4 Firefighting
Coordination of federal firefighting activities
Support to wildland, rural, and urban firefighting operations
ESF #4 Firefighting
EXAMPLE ACTION Coordinates federal firefighting activities and supports resource requests for public health and medical facilities and teams.
ESF #5âInformation and Planning
Incident action planning
Information collection, analysis, and dissemination
ESF #5âInformation and Planning
Develop coordinated interagency crisis action plans addressing health and medical issues.
ESF #6âMass Care, Emergency Assistance, Housing, and Human Services
Mass care
Emergency assistance
Temporary housing
Human services
ESF #6âMass Care, Emergency Assistance, Housing, and Human Services
EXAMPLE ACTION Integrate voluntary agency and other partner support, including other federal agencies and the private sector, to resource health and medical services and supplies.
ESF #7âLogistics Management and Resource Support
Comprehensive, national incident logistics planning, management, and sustainment capability
Resource support (e.g., facility space, office equipment and supplies, contracting services)
ESF #7âLogistics Management and Resource Support
EXAMPLE ACTIONProvide logistics support for moving meals, water, or other commodities.
ESF #8âPublic Health and Medical Services
Public health
Medical surge support including patient movement
Behavioral health services
ESF #8âPublic Health and Medical Services
EXAMPLE ACTION Provide health and medical support to communities, and coordinate across capabilities of partner agencies.
ESF #9âSearch and Rescue
Structural collapse (urban) search and rescue
Maritime/coastal/waterborne search and rescue
Land search and rescue
ESF #9âSearch and Rescue EXAMPLE ACTION
EXAMPLE ACTION Conduct initial health and medical needs assessments.
ESF #10âOil and Hazardous Materials Response
Environmental assessment of the nature and extent of oil and hazardous materials contamination
Environmental decontamination and cleanup, including buildings/struct
ESF #10âOil and Hazardous Materials Response
EXAMPLE ACTION Monitor air quality near health and medical facilities in close proximity to the incident area.
ESF #11âAgriculture and Natural Resources
Nutrition assistance
Animal and plant health issue response
Technical expertise, coordination, and support of animal and agricultural emergency management
Meat, poultry, and processed egg products safety and defense
Natural and cultural resources and historic proper
ESF #11âAgriculture and Natural Resources
EXAMPLE ACTION Coordinate with health and medical entities to address incidents of zoonotic disease.
ESF #12âEnergy
Energy infrastructure assessment, repair, and reestablishment
Energy industry utilities coordination
Energy forecast
ESF #12âEnergy
EXAMPLE ACTION Coordinate power restoration efforts for health and medical facilities or power-dependent medical populations.
ESF #13âPublic Safety and Security
⢠Facility and resource security ⢠Security planning and technical resource assistance ⢠Public safety and security support ⢠Support to access, traffic, and crowd control
ESF #13âPublic Safety and Security
EXAMPLE ACTION Provide public safety needed security at health and medical facilities or mobile teams delivering services.
ESF #14âCross-Sector Business and Infrastructure
Assessment, analysis, and situational awareness of cross-sector challenges
Facilitates operational coordination with critical infrastructure sectors.
ESF #14âCross-Sector Business and Infrastructure
EXAMPLE ACTION Be informed of and assess cascading impacts of health or medical infrastructure or service disruptions, and deconflict or prioritize crosssector requirements.
ESF #15âExternal Affairs
Public affairs and the Joint Information Center
Intergovernmental (local, state, tribal, and territorial) affairs
Congressional affairs
Private sector outreach
All Hazards Emergency Response Operations Tribal
ESF #15âExternal Affairs
EXAMPLE ACTION Conduct public messaging on the status of available health and medical services or public health risks.
Emergency
an urgent, unexpected, and usually dangerous situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or environment and requires immediate action.
Fire, Gas leak, Natural disasters and terrorist attack
Potential Emergencies
Planning
the process of deciding in detail how to do something before you actually start to do it.
Response
a response to a situation that poses an urgent and substantial risk to the environment or to human health.
Minimize the risks of emergencies occurring.
Prevent fatalities and injuries.
Develop, implement, and test plans to respond promptly and effectively to emergencies.
Continually improve emergency preparedness and response procedures.
Purpose of Emergency Preparedness and Response:
Federal Emergency Management Agency
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
a U.S. government organization that is part of the Department of Homeland Security and that organizes help for people when there is an emergency, for example a natural disaster.
Prevention, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
Emergency Management is about:
Level 1
Scope of Emergency: can be dealt with by local department personnel
level 2
Scope of Emergency: Need to activate facility emergency response team; may need to evacuate site.
level 3
Scope of Emergency: full scale emergency requiring outside assistance; possible neighborhood evacuation
first alert procedure
Emergency Response team member's responsibilities
Evacuation routes and assembly points
Response to various types of emergency
Emergency Response Requirement
TRUE
an organization must have a procedure for identifying potential accidents and emergencies. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
need to know all potential resources, types, andnenvironmental impacts of emergencies. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
keep emergency preparedness and response plan up to date. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
hold regular deals to test the plan. TRUE or FALSE