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chapter 11 test
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24 Terms
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genetics
the study of heredity
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heredity
process where a parent passes certain genes to their offspring
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“the father of modern genetics”
gregor mendel
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genes
material part of DNA
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gentotype
genetic makeup of an organism
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phenotype
appearance of an organism based on genotype
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alleles
alternate form of a gene
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dominant alleles
show their effect with only one copy (BB or Bb)
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recessive alleles
show their effect with two copies (bb)
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homozygous dominant
carries two copies of the same dominant (BB); pure trait
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homozygous recessive
carries two copies of the same recessive allele (bb)
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heterozygous
carries two different alleles (Bb)
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gamete
same as genotype
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why pea plants?
traits follow a specific pattern
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P generation
parental generation
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F1 generation
first generation (crossing of parents)
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F2 generation
second generation (crossing of first generation)
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7 traits Mendel used to study pea plants
height, seed shape, seed color, seed coat color, pod shape, pod color, flower position
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monohybrid cross
crossing with only one trait
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dihybrid cross
crossing with two different traits
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what was the pea plant experiment?
cross-pollinated pea plants to make discoveries on how traits are inherited between generations
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hybrid
a mix between two parents
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trait
characteristics of an individual
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reginald punnet
created the punnet square