chapter 11 test

genetics

the study of heredity

heredity

process where a parent passes certain genes to their offspring

“the father of modern genetics”

gregor mendel

genes

material part of DNA

gentotype

genetic makeup of an organism

phenotype

appearance of an organism based on genotype

alleles

alternate form of a gene

dominant alleles

show their effect with only one copy (BB or Bb)

recessive alleles

show their effect with two copies (bb)

homozygous dominant

carries two copies of the same dominant (BB); pure trait

homozygous recessive

carries two copies of the same recessive allele (bb)

heterozygous

carries two different alleles (Bb)

gamete

same as genotype

why pea plants?

traits follow a specific pattern

P generation

parental generation

F1 generation

first generation (crossing of parents)

F2 generation

second generation (crossing of first generation)

7 traits Mendel used to study pea plants

height, seed shape, seed color, seed coat color, pod shape, pod color, flower position

monohybrid cross

crossing with only one trait

dihybrid cross

crossing with two different traits

what was the pea plant experiment?

cross-pollinated pea plants to make discoveries on how traits are inherited between generations

hybrid

a mix between two parents

trait

characteristics of an individual

reginald punnet

created the punnet square