Chemistry 1 Chapter 3 Vocabulary

States of Matter

All matter that exists naturally on earth.

Solid

A form of matter that has it's own shape & volume

Liquid

A form of matter that flows, has constant volume, & takes shape of it's container.

Gas

A form of matter that both flows & fills the entire volume of it's container.

Vapor

A gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature.

Physical Property

A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition.

Extensive Property

Dependent on the amount of substance present.

Intensive Property

Independent of the amount of substance present.

Chemical Property

Ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances.

Physical Change

Alters a substance without changing its composition.

Phase Change

A transition of matter from one state to another.

Chemical Change

One or more substances changing into new substances.

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.

Mixture

A combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that does not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual substances remain distinct.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that has constant composition throughout, it has always been a single phase.
Also known as a SOLUTION.

Filtration

Technique that uses a porous barrier to seperate a solid from a liquid.

Distillation

A physical separation technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved.

Crystalization

A separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance.

Sublimation

The process during which a solid changes to vapor without melting.

Chromatography

A technique that separates the components of a mixture dissolved in either a gas or a liquid based on the ability of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of a fixed substrate.

Element

A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.

Periodic Table

Organizes the elements into a grid of horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called groups or families.

Compound

Made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically.

Law of Definite Proportions

States that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass, no matter how large or small the sample.

Percent by Mass

The ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound expressed as a percentage.

Law of Multiple Proportions

States that when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same fixed mass of the other element in a ratio of small numbers.