22 Endo - Adrenal glands

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the structure and function of the adrenal glands, including hormones produced, related diseases, and physiological effects.

Adrenal Cortex

The outer layer of the adrenal glands which produces steroid hormones including cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.

Aldosterone

A mineralocorticoid hormone from the zona glomerulosa that regulates sodium and water balance, affecting blood pressure.

Cortisol

A glucocorticoid hormone from the zona fasciculata that regulates glucose metabolism and has immunosuppressive effects.

Cushing Syndrome

A condition caused by excessive cortisol levels, often due to corticosteroid use or an ACTH-secreting tumor.

Congenital Adrenal Hypoplasia (CAH)

A rare condition characterized by the inability to produce cortisol/aldosterone, leading to an overproduction of androgens.

Addison Disease

Primary adrenal insufficiency due to autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex, leading to decreased production of cortisol and aldosterone.

Catecholamines

Hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine released from the adrenal medulla, stimulating the sympathetic nervous system.

Angiotensin II

A hormone that stimulates aldosterone release from the adrenal gland and increases blood volume and blood pressure.

Zona Glomerulosa

The outermost layer of the adrenal cortex that secretes aldosterone.

Zona Fasciculata

The middle layer of the adrenal cortex that secretes cortisol.

Zona Reticularis

The innermost layer of the adrenal cortex that secretes androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).