ptce medications intro

side effect

effect that is not intended as part of its therapeutic use

adverse effect

unintended, undesirable/harmful effect of medication

pharmacodynamics

what the drug does to the body

pharmcokinetics

what the body does to the drug

agonists

drugs that exert their effect by activating the receptor

antagonists

drugs that block other substances from activating the receptor

absorption

drugs are absorbed into ciruclation from various routes of administration

distribution

drugs vary in the areas that they go throughout the body

metabolism

drugs are broken down by enzymes and carried across membranes by transporters

elimination

drugs are eliminated from the body through urine, feces, or destructed

bioavailability

percentage of an administered dose of medication that enters the circulation

volume of distribution

measure of how widely a drug is distributed throughout the body

higher = circculated to greater extent

metabolite

substance that results from the metabolism of an initially administered medication

half-life

measure of how long the effects of a drug will last after it is adminsitered

route

how medication is to be administered (orally, intravenously, topically)

dose

amount of medication that is to be administered

frequency

how frequently the medication is to be administered

duration

how long the medication is to be adminsitered

quantity

how much medication is to be ordered

excipient purposes

preservation

improving solubility

flavoring

bulking

molding

extended release tablets

results in more prolonged absorption of the medication and more stable concentration in the blood

jellies

high water content dosage form

elixirs

mixture of water and alcohol

spirits

concentrated alcohol solutions

extracts

concentrated drug solution that results from extraction of drug using a solvent

enteral administration

administration at the site that results in passage through the GI tract

parenteral administration

administration at a site that bypasses the GI tract

drug routes

oral (PO)

sublingual (under the tongue)

buccal (inside cheek)

feeding tube (nasogastric tube)

bolus

describes rapid intravenus injection of a medication