sedimentary and metamorphic rocks science

Over time, grains of sand may be compacted and cemented together to form a rock called ______

sandstone

what is sedimentary rock

When sediment is deposited in layers and compacted

what form a natural cement when they separate from water that binds sedimentary rock together

dissolved minerals

where do sedimentary form

near the Earth’s surface

strata

the most noticeable feature of sedimentary rock, its layers

clasts

Rock or mineral fragments

clastic sedimentary rock

sedimentary rock that forms when rock or mineral fragments are cemented together

what texture do clastic sedimentary rocks have

fine, medium, or coarse grained

chemical sedimentary rock

sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize out of solution, such as sea water

organic sedimentary rock

sedimentary rock that forms from the remains, or fossils, of plants and animals

coral

tiny organisms that some limestone is made of

reefs

where coral lives in huge colonies

fossiliferous limestone

Limestone made from the calcium carbonate from skeletons in shells of sea creatures

coal

an organic sedimentary rock that forms from the action of heat and pressure on plant material over millions of years

stratification

the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers

ripple marks

the markings on sedimentary rocks that record the wave motion of wind or water

mud cracks

the structures that form when fine grain sediments at the bottom of a shallow body of water are exposed to the air and dry out

what is an example of an organic sedimentary rock

fossiliferous limestone

why are raindrop impressions more likely to be preserved in fine grained rock than coarse grained

raindrops are very small and would show up better on smoother surfaces than rougher, rockier ones

would texture or composition be more important for classifying Clastic sedimentary rock

texture, you can see the bands of sediment, not the minerals, size of grain can determine how and where it formed

metamorphic rock

rocks in which the structure, texture, or composition have changed

what force or forces can create metamorphic rock

heat and pressure

Why do some metamorphic rocks remain solid at pressures and temperatures that would melt other rock

the heat and pressure at which they are formed

What does pressure caused by large movements within the crust sometimes cause

mineral grains in metamorphic rocks to align themselves in parallel bands

contact metamorphism

Rock is heated by nearby magma

when does the effect of the heat on a metamorphic rock decrease

when distance from the magma increases and its temperature decreases

regional metamorphism

when pressure builds up in rock which is located under other rock formations

where does regional metamorphism occur

deep in the Earth’s crust

What are properties of an index mineral

Forms only at a certain temperature, only in metamorphic rocks, forms only at certain pressures

what is an example of a mineral that indicates that a metamorphic rock was formed at a great depth and under extreme heat and pressure

garnet

non foliated

Metamorphic rocks in which mineral grains are not aligned

foliated

Metamorphic rocks in which mineral grains are aligned

recrystallization

the process in which a mineral changes composition during metamorphism

deformation

a change in the shape of a rock caused by a force placed on it

how do index materials allow scientists to understand history of metamorphic rocks

They give specific information about the temperature and amount of pressure that it formed at

if you have two metamorphic rocks and one has Garnet crystals in the other one has chlorite crystals which one formed deeper

garnet

Which would be easier to break, a foliated rock or non-foliated

foliated, breaks along bands

A mountain range is at a boundary where two tectonic plates collide would most of the metamorphic rock be contact or Regional metamorphism

regional