Chapter 11

premotor cortex

guide movement based on context; lateral and medial

lateral premotor cortex

linked movement to external cues

medial premotor cortex

drives movement based on internal decision

damage to lateral premotor cortex

visual cues don’t translate to correct movement

damage to medial premotor cortex

less sponatenous movment

internal cue

make brain command, followed by action

example of internal cue

hunger, seek food

external cue

event occur, causing reaction

example of external cue

loud noise, flinch

producing movment

sensory, FB plans, SC carries message to hand (CNS)

motor nerons, muscles, sensory receptors, sensory cortex (PNS)

SC, basal ganglia, cerebellum, sensory cortex

cerebellum function in producing movement

correct any errors

afferent

posterior, sensory info, entering

efferent

anterior, motor info, exiting

tract

bundle of neurons, CNS

nerve/fiber

PNS

gray matter

nonmyelinated

white matter

myelinated

prefrontal cortex

plans

premotor cortex overall function

organizes a sequence of movement

motor cortex

execute movement

cortical homunculus

monkey man with large lips and hands; show most sensitive areas

topographic organization

representation of body and sensation, body with lines

basal ganglia damage

hyperkinetic or hypokinetic

hyperkinetic and example

striatum damage; tourette and huntingtons

hyperkinetic symptoms

dyskinesia, uncontrollable, hard to inhibit behavior

dyskinesia

writhing and twitching

hypokinetic and example

general damage to BG; parkinson’s disease

volume control theory of basal ganglia

involved with the globus pallidus, increase or decrease understand type of control

hypokinetic symptoms

hard to initiate or carry out movement, slow or stiff

GPi increase (VCTofBG)

suppressed movement

GPi decrease (VCTofBG)

facilitate movement

mesolimbic dopamine-reward perception strucutres

nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area

nucleus accumbens

central to reward and pleasure

ventral tegmental area

midbrain, send signal (dopamine) to nucleus accumbens

cerebellum

balance and coordination, under occipital lobe

flocculus

balance and eye movement

lateral cerebellum

extremities movement

medial cerebellum

facial movement and posture