Volcanoes

Volcano

Volcano

an opening in a planet or moon's crust through which molten rock, hot gases, and other materials erupt. Volcanoes occur at destructive and constructive plate boundaries.

Define the magma chamber

As magma rises towards the surface, a pocket underneath the volcano forms where it is stored.

What is magma

Extremely hot molten material that contains dissolved gasses.

Define pipe

It is an almost vertical crack in the crust of a volcano where magma rises to get to the surface.

Define side vents

Similar to a pipe, however, magma forces itself out of the side of the volcano.

Define vent

The point where lava leaves to pipe to the surface of the volcano.

Define crater

Is caused by volcanic activity where lava is collected around the volcanos vent.

Define lava

Magma that leaves the surface

Define lava flow

When lava runs down the volcano and land.

How do volcanoes form?

• Magma rises through weaknesses in the earth's crust

• Pressure builds up inside the earth

• Due to sudden plate movement, pressure is released and magma explodes to the surface causing a volcanic eruption

• Lava from eruption cools resulting in new forms of crust

• After several eruptions, rock builds up a new volcano over time.

What are the three types of volcanoes

Active: Erupt frequently every couple of years

Dormant: Temporarily inactive but not extinct

Extinct: Never going to erupt ever again

In what ways are volcanoes beneficial in the long term?

1) Volcanic materials decompose, which eventually gives rise to the earth’s soil (helps crops go faster).

2) Cultivation, which helped produce foods and fostered civilization

3) Produced geothermal energy, helps generate electricity and provides direct heating or cooling for buildings.

4) produce more metallic minerals

Axial seamount

This is an example of a case study that is located off the coast of Oregon in the United States. It is an underwater shield volcano.

How can volcanoes be described by?

Their shape or type-shield or composte

Characteristics of a shield volcano

• Found at constructive or tensional boundaries

• Low with gently sloping sides

• Formed by eruptions of thin and runny lava

• Active volcano with gentle activity

Example of a shield volcano

Mauna Loa in Hawaii

• most active+largest shield volcano

Characteristics of a composite volcano

• Found at destructive and compressional boundaries

• Made up of layers with ash and lave (normally only lava)

• Produces pyroclastic flow instead of lava

• Pyroclastic flow included gasses, rocks, dust, and hot steam

Example of composite volcano

Mount St. Helens in Washington State USA