Ch 2 Prenatal Development

What is the anatomy of the female reproductive system

Vagina (Birth canal)

Cervix

Uterus → baby develops

Fallopian tube → fertilization

Ovaries → eggs stored

Gametes (sex cells)

How many chromosomes of each

How many total

23 chromosomes of eggs and sperm

46

3 stages of development

Germinal, embryonic, fetal stage

Menstrual cycle

Uterine wall thickens

Ovulation if no fertilization

Fertilization

One sperm per egg

The two cells become one

Germinal stage

Lasts two weeks, starts at fertilization

Stays the same size but changes shape

prenatal development

1.Anatomy of the female reproductive system

2.Gametes (sex cells)

3.The 3 stages of development

4.The menstrual cycle

5.Fertilization

6.Chromosomal and genetic abnormalities

7.Germinal stage

8.Embryonic stage

9.Teratogens

10.Fetal stage

Embryonic stage

Where most of the development of organism

Organs develops in nervous system etc

Embryo = fetus

Teratogens

Substances that can interfere with fetus development (interferes with chemicals during embryonic)

Alcohol, smoking, stressful environment for mom

Can effect language delay, disabilities etc

Fetal stage

Aware, can hear mothers voice

Aka birth canal

Vagina

After fertilization, remains closed until birth

Cervix

Where the new organism develops

Uterus

Where fertilization occurs

A fallopian tube

Where the eggs are stored and released into fallopian tube

Ovaries

Gametes are aka

Sex cells

The blank and the blank are each …

Egg & sperm are single cells

What are eggs and sperm each

Single cells

What does the chromosome contain that determine our individual features

Genes

What begins with fertilization, ends with embedding in the uterine wall

Germinal

Lasts 2 weeks ?

Germinal

Lasts 6 weeks

Embryonic stage

Lasts abt 30-32 weeks

Fetal

Lasts from the embryonic stage til birth

Fetal

Occurs after the germinal stage

Embryonic

Longest lasting stage

Fetal

How long is germinal, embryonic and fetal?

38-40 weeks

This wall thickens

Uterine (wall)

what releases an egg

Ovary

The egg goes through what

Fallopian tube

What is needed to fertilize the egg

Sperm

Once sperm fertilizes the egg the egg is discharged and what ends?

The menstrual cycle

Many sperm travel up what? Also where the egg is

The fallopian tube

The egg is traveling up or down the fallopian tube

Down

When a sperm burrows into the egg, its nucleus and the egg’s nucleus. What is this called

Fuse, fertilization

The new organism is called

Zygote

The abnormalities often involve more or less what? Or defects in what

Genes, chromosomes

germinal begins with

Fertilization

Upon fertilization, the new organism is called

Zygote

The zygote starts as one cell, then divides into 2, 4, 8, 16 and at this point is now called

Morula

The morula changes shape most cells on outside, some on inside now it’s called a

Blastocyst

The blastocyst embeds in the uterine wall and the outer cellls become what? And the inner cells become the..

Placenta, embryo

Cell blank occurs. What does this mean

Differentiation, meaning different cells have different functions

The blank of the body starts developing (blank system etc )

System of the body, nervous system etc

What gives nutrient and oxygen and removes waste?

Placenta

The blank consumes what the blank consumes

Embryo, mother

the organism is most vulnerable to teratogens in what stage. Why?

embryo. Because development is occurring at this stage

Anything outside the placenta that can harm the development of the embryo

Teratogen

What is a potential teratogen

Alcohol

An extra chromosome is a potential teratogen. T or F

False

What stage is a mostly fine tuning of the great deal of development that occurred in the embryonic stage

Fetal stage

The fetus grows blank in size

Rapidly

The fetus is very

Active

The fetus develops blank and blank to outside stimuli such as mom’s

Reflex, responds, voice

Dr. B said all mammals including humans reproduce via what?

Internal fertilization

Dr. B said about how many sperm are released upon ejaculation

250,000,000

Dr. B said that when fertilization occurs …

Two literally become one