hmwrk 10 exam review

Eukaryotic genome

Typically diploid with two sets of chromosomes.

Ribosomes

Composed of rRNA and proteins.

mRNA

Type of RNA that codes for proteins.

Base pairing

Incorrect: Adenine binds to thymine, not guanine.

Antiparallel

Strands oriented in opposite directions in DNA.

Not found in DNA

Amino acids are not part of DNA structure.

Thymine percentage

If adenine is 30%, thymine is also 30%.

tRNA

Carries amino acids to ribosomes during translation.

RNA virus

May use RNA as its genome.

Denaturation of DNA

Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases break.

Histones

DNA binding proteins for packaging in eukaryotes.

Phenotype

Observable traits, like red pigment in Serratia.

Complementary DNA strand

5ʹ-TCGATCCGGAAT-3ʹ for 5ʹ-ATTCCGGATCGA-3ʹ.

Catalytic RNA

Known for its ability to catalyze reactions.

GC content

High GC content makes DNA harder to denature.

Hydrogen bonds

GC pairs have three bonds; AT pairs have two.

Uracil

Found in RNA, replaces thymine in DNA.

Amino acid attachment

tRNA molecules are covalently bound to amino acids.

Eukaryotes and Archaea

Histones are important for DNA packaging.

dsRNA

Double-stranded RNA, often involved in viral genomes.

Ribosome function

Site of protein synthesis in the cell.