Care of the patient with alteration in oxygen perfusion

• What is desired blood pressure for clients over 60?

• Below 150/90

• What is desired blood pressure for clients younger than 60?

• 140/90

• What is essential hypertension?

• Most common type

• Causes medial hyperplasia (thickening) of arteriole

What are common risk factors of essential hypertension?

• Obesity

• Smoking

• Stress

• Family history

• What is secondary hypertension?

• Caused by specific disease states of drugs

• What are common causes of secondary hypertension?

• Renal disease

• Diabetes

• Cushing syndrome

• Medications

• What is the health promotion for clients with hypertension?

• Diet high in fruits veggies, and low fat diary

• Increased potassium calcium magnesium and fiber

• Reduced intake of sodium

• Increased aerobic exercise resistance training and static isometric smoking cessation

• Stress reduction

• What are the manifestations of hypertension?

• May not have any symptoms

• What are diagnostic assessments for hypertension?

• urinalysis for protein RBC, BUN, Creatine

• Chest x-ray

• ECG shows degree of cardiac involvement

• What are the lifestyle changes of hypertension?

• Sodium restriction

• Weight reduction

• Reduce alcohol intake 

• Exercise

• Decrease stress levels

• Avoid smoking 

• Complementary and alternative therapy

• DASH Diet

• What is coronary artery disease?

• Include stable angina and acute coronary syndromes

• What is ischemia?

• Insufficient oxygen supply to meet requirements of myocardium

• What is infarction?

• Necrosis or cell death that occurs when severe ischemia is prolonged and decrease perfusion causes irreversible damage to tissue

• What is angina Pectoris?

• Temporary imbalance between coronary artery ability to supply oxygen and cardiac muscles demand for oxygen

• What are the two types of angina pectoris?

• Stable angina

• Unstable angina

• What is chronic stable angina?

• Chest discomfort with movement

• Pattern becomes familiar to patient

• Slight limitation of activity

• What is acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?

• Unstable angina

• Atherosclertic plaque in coronary artery ruptures

• What is unstable angina?

• New onset angina

• Pain at rest

• What are modifiable risk factors for coronary artery diseases?

• Elevated serum cholesterol

• Cigarette smoking

• Hypertension

• Impaired glucose tolerance

• Obesity

• Limited Physical activity

• Stress

• Acute coronary syndrome symptoms?

• Acute pain

• Decreased myocardial tissue perfusion

• Decreased functional ability

• Decreased ability to potential for dysrhythmias

• Potential for heart failure

• How to manage heart diseases?

• Nitroglycerin

• Morphine sulfate

• Oxygen

• Position of comfort

  • Semi-fowlers

• Quiet and calm environment