NURs 294 (Geriatric Nursing) Exam 2 Review

What are the elements of MMSE (Mini Mental Status Exam)

Orientation, Registration, Attention and Calculation, Recall, Language and Praxis

what is a beta amyloid

one of the theoretic causes of Alzheimer’s disease; a sticky protein thought to be toxic to brain cells

what is atherosclerosis

one of the theoretic causes of Alzheimer’s disease; changes in blood vessels in the brain leading to deterioration (especially with vascular dementia)

what is anomia

inability to remember names of objects (difficulty in word finding)

what is amnesia

memory loss; trouble remembering information, events, or even who they are

what is agnosia

inability to recognize familiar objects and other sensations (tastes, sounds, etc)

what is apraxia

inability to carry out motor functions but retained strength (inability to do particular events - clock drawing test)

what is aphasia

inability to express onself through speech (they know that its an apple but they cant say it)

what is confabulation

when clients creates false stories and they are trying to fill in gaps in their memories, usually with clients who are sundowning and wandering behavioral has confabulation

what are the risk factors of late onset of alzhiemer’s disease

advanced age (85 and older), female, obesity, DM, smoking, hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular disease, related head trauma, illiteracy (unable to read or write)

what is the only med that is proven & slows down the alzhimer’s disease

Aducanumab (Aduhelm)

which 2 are NOT a normal part of aging

confusion & depression

what are the risk factors for depression

• Chronic medical illnesses, disability, functional decline
• AD (Alzheimer’s disease) and other dementias
• Bereavement
• Caregiving (caregiver strain)
• Female are MORE likely get depression to hormones, neurotransmitters (2:1 risk)
• Socioeconomic deprivation
• Family Hx and/or previous episode of depression
• Admission to LTC or other change in environment
• Medications, Alcohol or substance abuse
• Living alone, Widowhood

which race, gender and age are at high suicidal rates

white males 85 years and older

what are the contributing factors for suicide

economic downturn, increased use of prescription opioids and substance abuse

what is the number for help line for suicide (3 numbers)

988

which 2 meds are NOT recommended for suicide

prozac, paxil

which 5 meds are recommended for suicide

Zoloft, Lexapro, Celexa, Remeron, Wellbutrin 

what is lewy body dementia

when abnormal protein clumps called "Lewy bodies" build up in the brain, they sleep during daytime, they have visual hallucinations, and have difficulty moving

which type of medications (specifically which one) should NEVER be used in person with lewy body dementia

typical antipsychotics (Haldol)

what is the first sign/symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD)

asymmetrical resting tremor

what are the 4 core signs of PD

1. Resting tremor (asymmetrical - only one hand)

2. Muscular rigidity

3. Bradykinesia

4. Asymmetric onset 

what is the First-line medication for PD

levadopa

what test should be confirmed for diagnosis of PD

challenge test (when symptoms improve dramatically after administration of levadopa) 

what is vascular dementia

when there is lack of blood supply to the brain from a thromboembolism or hemorrhage

who is the abuse coordinator in a hospital or nursing home?

administrator

what is the most common type of abuse

neglect

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) proovides a minimum level of economic support to who

persons age 65 and over, blind, or disabled regardless of their earning power in early life or when capable of working

who qualifies for social security

• American citizens and legal residents
• Totally and permanently disabled
• Paid into system for at least 10 years
• Married to someone who qualifies

who qualifies for MediCal

   – Low-income people/ families
  – Pregnant women and babies
  – People receiving SSI (supplemental security insurance)
  – HMO programs (e.g., CalOptima- Monarch)

who can get Medicare

Anyone who is 65 years old or OLDER OR disabled from a young age OR End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD): requires hemodialysis. Or ALS

Medicare Plan A covers what

hospitalization (all acute hospital visits), skilled rehab nursing care in a health care facility, home health services requiring skilled care, hospice are, inpatient psychiatric care

Medicare Plan B covers what

all outpatient services & doctor appointments & skilled home health services (rehab), diabetic supplies and services

Medicare Plan D covers what

prescription medications

what is the primary payer for long term care services

Medicaid

which one do NOT cover unless there was some skilled need which would only be in a SNF or sub-acute unit

Medicare